Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money Essay Example

Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money Essay Community Poker Money In this thesis I will research the relationship between the human life style on a daily footing within a societal community and the of all time going more popular card game Poker. Prima facie this would look a eccentric field of survey, nevertheless the two are more integrally linked than most people realise or know. The inquiries that I wanted replying were ; what is the impact of societal psychological science in fire hook and our lives? Within the little community of Durham is at that place a mixture of societal scenes that are united by fire hook? When money is involved is at that place a community within fire hook or is it merely everyman for himself? Equally good as look intoing other facets of sociology that lead to a greater apprehension of fire hook and life scheme through sociological reasoning’s and theories. There are several good known and celebrated sociologists that have dedicated advanced research into this field including Erving Goffman, Kenneth Burke, Herbert Blumer and George Herbert Mead, amongst many others, all supplying cardinal research and findings in a field that over 100 million people are take parting in worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Get aid with your essay from our adept essay authors Equally of import as these cardinal minds are, and non merely in footings of work done in the field of chancing and hazard, but besides in the wider context of the work they have dedicated themselves to for the benefit of society, to understand and appreciate the attempts they have been involved in within gaming, you must cognize, approximately, what fire hook is and where is comes from. The exact history of fire hook is slightly bleary, it would look that over the old ages several different card games from around the Earth have all had an impact on doing what we now call fire hook, though the game is clearly an merger of the Gallic game ‘poque’ , which itself was a descendent from the German card game ‘pochen’ and it has besides been cited that the English game crow had some influence, though that itself was clearly taken from the Gallic game ‘brelan’ . It has besides been considered that the Irish card game ‘poca’ had a peculiarly big predomination over what it is we play today. However it is non merely Europe that can claim celebrity for the now enormously popular hybrid, America besides has rights as it has been stated that around 1830 the frontier innovators were already playing a game really similar to the modern twenty-four hours equivalent of fire hook, it was particularly popular on the Mississippi river boats, where gaming was considered a past clip. It is besides the American’s who made the game so huge and widespread, praise acclaiming from the US military for its dispersion of the game across Asia. However the beginning of the playing card, although they have changed dramatically are said to hold come into being in China around 1120 AD. However the cards that we are more familiar with today are of Gallic beginning, with a sociological category turn. The four suits are said to picture the four categories of work forces, spades peers aristocracy, diamonds peers merchandisers, nines equals pro vincials and Black Marias equals the clergy. Poker has besides had more of an impact on people’s lives than they know, even without playing or cognizing about the game, the life style and nomenclature that revolves around the game is now portion of mundane life. Phrases that most people use even without believing about it frequently originate from fire hook, for illustration. It is non merely in fire hook that people talk about a ‘poker face’ or how frequently have you heard the phrase ‘got an one up my sleeve’ or ‘let’s up the ante’ , these all originate from fire hook and they are merely a choice few from 100s. Poker in the last five to ten old ages has undergone a immense draw over of involvement. From what one time was a reasonably quiet community, largely popular with older work forces playing ‘home games’of fire hook, it has radicalised and turned into a worldwide phenomenon pulling in over 100 million people wo rldwide. There are now poker telecasting shows, fire hook related vesture, 100s of fire hook on-line cyberspace webs for playing online and the chief competition for fire hook, known as the WSOP ( World Series of Poker ) went from holding 839 entrants in the chief event of No Limit Texas Hold’em in 2003 to holding 8,773 in 2006, a immense sedimentation in the infinite of three old ages, with the victor gaining over a million dollars in award money. One of the chief grounds why fire hook has become so unbelievably popular in such a short sum of clip has to be due to the undeniable handiness of it today. Both the monolithic addition in the engineering provided in agencies of the Internet but besides telecasting. Poker has become about a standard family telecasting show since the innovation of the new fire hook tabular arraies. The new tabular arraies have glass panels in the tabular array positioned where each participant sits ; under these panels are little cameras. The thought so is that for each manus of fire hook played the camera can see and relay back to the telecasting what manus it is that each participant holds. This may sound simple, and it is, but it works surprisingly good, and creates another dimension to watching fire hook instead than take parting. Basically this engineering means that you can see the true kineticss of all the custodies and understand the action a batch better, as it unfolds. It has publicised and revolutionised fire hook in a telecasting sphere that it now is the 3rd most watched athletics on overseas telegram telecasting in the United States of America. Third merely to auto racing and American football ( NFL ) severally, but even trumping the extremely acclaimed hoops conference, the NBA ( National Basketball Association ) . There are even several fire hook channels, dedicated to merely demoing fire hook action round the clock across the USA and Europe. Though of class this is merely one of many progresss in engineering that has progressed and infiltrated fire hook into our mundane lives, another medium is of class, the immense impact of the Internet which has evidently had huge impacts on the fire hook universe. The on-line fire hook economic system has neer been flusher and does by far possess the largest part of the on-line chancing market, which last twelvemonth was reported to hold had worldwide grosss in surplus of $ 15 billion in 2006, estimated to lift to around $ 2 0 billion this twelvemonth. Poker has even branched out into reasonably improbable mediums such as wireless, where it really works apparently good. An illustration of the influence the Internet has had in the fire hook universe has been demonstrated several times over the past few old ages, though most unforgettably nevertheless in 2003 where a center aged, competently named adult male won the World Series of Poker. Chris Moneymaker found his manner into the much coveted tourney, that normally incurs a $ 10,000 buy-in. However for merely $ 39 on an on-line fire hook web site, PokerStars online card room, Moneymaker managed to last right to the terminal and turned his $ 39 into $ 2.5 million, all from playing at place on the cyberspace. In fact many people have credited the fire hook roar to Moneymaker, as he was the first individual to portray the pipe dream that so many people had. More late nevertheless, there has been a more amazing effort in the fire hook universe, in the 2007 W SOP the much heralded expansive award victor was non one of the all clip celebrated professionals that has played fire hook for the past 25 old ages of their life but a 19 twelvemonth old Scandinavian miss called Annette Obrestad. As if those few inside informations weren’t perplexing plenty, this tourney was besides the first clip that she had played unrecorded fire hook, up against some of the greatest participants of all clip, and directing them place with nil but a narrative. However it must be noted that it was non without accomplishment, Annette who won a cheerful $ 2 million at the tourney, although non holding any old experience of unrecorded fire hook did hold net incomes of up to $ 800,000 in on-line fire hook tourneies. However the recognition must travel to the immature Scandinavian, whose win has been stated as a â€Å"startling milestone† . Professional fire hook participant Howard Lederer, besides known as ‘the professor’ commented on the ha ndiness of fire hook today as: â€Å"When I started out it took old ages of difficult swot at the tabular array to acquire good. Now the acquisition curve is much steeper† . It is frequently said in fire hook that while Texas Hold’em, the most popular version of fire hook today, may take merely proceedingss to larn, but it takes a life-time to maestro. However it did non all used to be such a glam past clip. Indeed non so long ago fire hook as a profession was looked down upon, even one of the greatest all clip fire hook participants to day of the month Daniel Negreanu joked that for some old ages his female parent ever told people he was an comptroller. However, evidently as the fire hook roar has taken the universe by storm even America’s Department of Labour has given poker a ‘thumbs up’ in the component of accomplishment that is involved, by last twelvemonth recognizing ‘professional fire hook player’ as an official business. This b eing so due to the component of accomplishment that is involved, although the Courts still view fire hook as a game of opportunity, which has obvious deductions. The accomplishment versus opportunity argument is an old one, with many people shacking with each side, and even as the professional fire hook participant Howard Lederer concedes it is so difficult to reason that a professional will prevail over an amateur in any given manus. However there is plentifulness of converting grounds that in the long tally, accomplishment will predominate and the professional will win. Lederer believes that the accomplishment is in the betting, which is compounded with the grounds that you can win without keeping the best manus, the common bluff. The instance that accomplishment in the long tally will predominate is besides obviously made deliberately clear in the aforesaid movie ‘Rounders’ . On the chief character being questioned as to why he plays this game, when it clearly has ca rdinal engagement with your fiscal state of affairss, his reply is one frequently heard around the card tabular array today. He is asked the inquiry by his girlfriend who evidently is worried about chancing and losing money, particularly as at the start of the movie the chief character loses all his money in one manus of No Limit Texas Hold’em. The rejoinder is this ; â€Å"Why does this still seem like chancing to you? Why do you believe the same five cats make it to the concluding tabular array of the World Series of Poker every twelvemonth? What are they, the luckiest cat in Las Vegas? It’s a accomplishment game.† This is a clear message to the spectator but non so subtly delivered. Another all clip great fire hook participant, Thomas Austin Preston, or better known as Amarillo Slim takes a similar stance to that of all professional fire hook participants and besides believes that accomplishment will predominate, but decides that it is a good thing that the skill factor can be limited at times to pure opportunity and fortune, he explains in his autobiography, ‘Amarillo Slim in a universe full of fat people’ that ; â€Å"All you can make is do the dramas that have a per centum of success and set yourself in a place to win. But that doesn’t mean that if you start with AA and your opposition starts with 22 that he isn’t traveling to crush you sometimes. If that were the instance, you wouldn’t be able to acquire them chumps to maintain coming back. In the long tally, accomplishment will prevail.† What some professional fire hook participants will hold on, likely, is that there is a certain sum of short-run fortune involved in fire hook, as Amarillo Slim provinces ; â€Å"It’s non like cheat, where the best participants win all the clip. In fact, at the 2002 World Series of Poker, of the 631 entries, there were 13 former universe title-holders, including me and Doyle ( Brunson ) , and non one made it to the concluding 45 participants. If that doesn’t state you that there’s short-run fortune in fire hook ( the tourney merely lasts five yearss ) , so I don’t cognize what does.† An easy manner to explicate why this is so can be shown through the simpleness of tossing a coin, the same as how Goffman explains ‘strategic interactionism’ in his reader ‘Where The Action Is’ . A construct that you must invariably see is that statistics do non ever have a practical application to human life, they are non ever pertinent. It becomes more clear when you think that the theory of chance becomes more meaningful the more times you participate in a game of opportunity. If you are merely covering with a little figure of tests so your consequences a prone to being slightly erroneous. So when tossing a coin, if you flip it twice, so the general premise is that it will set down caputs one time and tails one time, nevertheless the truth is that the consequences are more complicated than this. The tabular array below shows the results: Consequence Probability of Result HH 25 % Terrestrial time 25 % HT 25 % Thursday 25 % To happen out the opportunities of a assorted consequence ( HT or TH ) you merely add the two chances together. As you can see the tabular array indicates that you are merely every bit likely to set down on a assorted consequence than you are non-mixed. Each holding a even opportunity of happening. However if we now double the sum of times the coin is flipped, we can see that the odds of a even consequence alteration. Consequences Probability of Result HHHH 6.25 % HHHT 6.25 % HHTH 6.25 % HHTT 6.25 % HTHH 6.25 % HTHT 6.25 % HTTH 6.25 % HTTT 6.25 % THHH 6.25 % THHT 6.25 % THTH 6.25 % THTT 6.25 % TTHH 6.25 % TTHT 6.25 % TTTH 6.25 % TTTT 6.25 % The manner that they have changed is that the odds of now acquiring a even consequence have really fallen to 37.5 % , but, and this is highly of import, the opportunities of acquiring a consequence closer to the expected result, being even, have in fact greatly increased. In the first test the odds at acquiring all caputs or all dress suits were even money, nevertheless when the tests are doubled, those odds fall to 12.5 % . Below are the consequences of a test of a coin being flipped 50 times: TTHHHTHTHHHHTHTHHHHHTTH TTTHTHTTTTHHTHHTTTTHHHTTHTT Here there are 25 caputs and 25 dress suits, a perfect consequence, but had we merely flipped the coin twice we would hold got an untrue consequence of two dress suits. Besides, out of the first 20 somersaults, 14s were caputs. If you spent your whole life tossing a coin, you would happen that it landed on caputs 50 per centum of the clip, toss it merely twice nevertheless and you have merely a one in two opportunity at geting at the same consequence. Basically this demonstrates that the more opportunities you take, and the more custodies you play, the more likely it is that the Numberss will keep true, but in a short period, anything can go on. So has fire hook had the last of its bad imperativeness? Well non wholly, although some people have been inexorable that all along fire hook should be embraced, even the universe celebrated literary icon Mark Twain one time said: There are few things that are so inexcusably neglected in our state as poker†¦it is adequate to do one ashamed of one’s species† . Possibly this is slightly of a strong, possibly excessively combative, but however depicts the frame of head that some people do hold about the game. Poker is a wondrous infective game, a fact that non many people understand why this is. If you think about the signifier of fire hook at its simplest degree, with two people playing against each other with no 3rd party intercession like a casino to take any net income so the game is one of a zero-sum nature, when one participant loses another additions, simple. However fire hook has a batch to make with chance and when you add this into the cocktail so there are some really interesting results. Technically if two people were to play against each other, once more with no intercession, and drama for infinity so the Torahs of chance province that both participants will finally have the same custodies, in the same state of affairss, the same sum of times. This being so so the additions and losingss will equilibrate out therefore organizing equilibrium. So, how do you do money from playing fire hook so? The reply is where the art of fire hook is introduced, if you can out believe and out smart your opposition and drama with a better scheme than him so you will win. As the journalist Andy Bellin provinces: â€Å"Claiming a pot when you have the best cards isn’t plenty to do you a winning participant. Remember, there is no expansive wage graduated table for keeping the best hand†¦some chump has to pay you off. You have to maximize net incomes through craft and understanding, eke out every last dollar that your competition is willing to lose to you, and when you don’t holding the winning cards, flee every bit fast as possible† . First, it is of primary importance to see the work of Erving Goffman, most normally known for his work in symbolic interactionism and for his widely acclaimed work ‘The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’ . The work that is of rule importance by Goffman in concurrence with fire hook is his work on ‘strategic interaction’in peculiar his combined essays that formed his findings on chancing which he subsequently called ‘Where the Action Is’ . Often included in chancing readers and besides referenced to the sociology of hazard within chancing. Goffman sculpts a clear and definite word picture of the true logistics behind gaming by utilizing a simple platform of fliping a coin. Although simple, this theoretical account consists of all the qualities that chancing, in all its signifiers, holds imperative to the game. This works for fire hook as both a scientific discipline and a doctrine. If you toss a coin the opportunities of it being caputs is ev en. But the inquiry is will it? The scientific nature of fire hook is to understand the chance, which is clearly derived from mathematics and scientific discipline, but accepting this theory would ever look to fall down to faith. The nature of the statement is that chance theory is merely an ever-present phenomenon that governs all things related to opportunity. Although mathematicians can, and do, accept it they can non turn out it. The simple cape of the point is that anything that has a opportunity of go oning will at some phase go on. Despite the, what would look simpleness of ‘Where the Action Is’ it has even become non merely a nucleus text in this field of the societal scientific disciplines but besides as a cardinal rudimentss theory book for fire hook. Indeed one of the most outstanding fire hook phrases that is known worldwide is frequently associated with Goffman’s work, it was famously said by Karl ‘Papa’ Wallenda. The celebrated words merely one time uttered by the stuntman were: â€Å"Life is being on the wire, everything else is merely waiting† The phrase as aforementioned is limpidly known through fire hook circles and although has obvious intensions with Wallenda’s support, but it besides applies to poker, and is used in several chancing movies, most late in the critically acclaimed movie ‘Rounders’ . Throughout ‘Where the Action Is’ , Goffman continually analyses the difference between chancing and hazard with opportunity. There is ever traveling to be grounds of opportunity or ‘luck’ in any gambling game, including fire hook, which due to this argument there has been an of import focal point point on fire hook in recent old ages in the United States of America. Goffman assesses these differences and describes the intrinsic functionality of both. Goffman states ; â€Å"There are to be chancy state of affairss where relevant orders of humanly directed finding are involved by virtuousness of accomplishment, cognition, make bolding, doggedness, and so away. This, in fact, marks a important difference between games of ‘pure’ opportunity and what are called competitions: in the former, one time the finding is in drama, the participants can make nil but passively await the result ; in the latter, it is merely this period that requires intensive and sustained exercise of relevant capacities. None the less, it is still the instance that during competitions something of value to be staked comes up for finding ; in footings of the facts and frequently their perceptual experience as good, the intended and effectual influences are insufficiently influential to render the state of affairs unproblematic.† Goffman so breaks down the order of competitions into different stages, each of which has a different degree of the gamble associated within it. Goffman defines four stages. The first of which is thesquaring offstage, this stage is basically the bet-making stage, this is where the regulations of the gamble are drawn up and hold on to which the gamblers so pass, as Goffman unquestionably labelled it, the point of no return. The 2nd stage is thefinding stageotherwise known as the in-play stage. In fire hook this stage is the minute long continuance that it takes to cover all the cards to all, the participants, including the community cards. In this stage Goffman states that this is where â€Å"relevant causal forces actively and determinatively produce the outcome† . The following stage is known as thedisclosive stage,besides known as the revelatory stage is the clip between finding and ratting of the participants. As antecedently mentioned this stage is unquestionably brief, be ing the clip taken to cover the cards. The 4th and concluding stage is that of thecolony stage, this begins when the result has been disclosed and enduring until losingss have been paid up and profitss collected. The period required by participants to come on through the four stages has been labelled by Goffman as thespanof the drama. After analyzing the more basic basicss with his four stage theoretical account Goffman so moves on to a more elaborate analysis of chancing and what it consists of. Goffman reflects ; â€Å"a whole set of considerations may be involved: the graduated table of betting ; the length of the odds ( and whether he is giving them or acquiring them ) ; the brevity of the span of drama ; the littleness of the figure of dramas ; the rate of drama ; the per centum paid for playing ; the fluctuation of size sing awards associated with favorable results. Further, the comparative weight given each of these considerations will change markedly with the absolute value of each others.† As everyone is different the issues of character and personality are therefore included, as persons and groups have somewhat different, what Goffman labels â€Å"personal baselines† from which we measure chance and hazard. As Goffman high spots ; â€Å"A manner of life affecting much hazard may do the person to give small weight to a hazard that person else might happen forbidding.† The huge community of fire hook clearly assembles immense crowds from all over the universe. Choosing an event such as the World Series of Poker, where all different fire hook participants culminate to play against each other, shows how different each fire hook participant is. Even within smaller games, or ‘home’ games there is on show a immense array of difference non merely in fire hook ability and manner but besides category backgrounds, ethnicity and faith. The game of fire hook nevertheless requires, for you to even be marginally successful, a appreciation of a few simple regulations. These are non the playing regulations per Se but more the intrinsic nature of the game. Thought arousing thoughts such as, trust and honor. Peoples playing fire hook with one another have to measure each state of affairs and inquire themselves do they swear their resistance? Of class we are imitating trust within the game, non that the other participant is traveling to steal from you b ut are they bluffing? It is so frequently said that ‘Trust is the lubricator of Society’ and to swear person is to allow your guard down, and if there is something you don’t desire to make in fire hook it is so that. What I find interesting though is that all over the universe there are societal norms and even in different states globally there is the impression of ‘Natural Law’ , which dates back to the philosopher Aristotle, nevertheless it is most normally known by the elaborate focal point and reading that the medieval Christian doctrine of St Thomas Aquinas. Although the thought of ‘Natural Law’ today has slightly become a recessionary impression, chiefly due to the â€Å"mechanistic causation† that our society is comfy with, which is frequently portrayed this manner because we live in a post-Darwinian universe, and are accustomed to sing nature, in peculiar human nature. This anaesthetises us from, what we now view as out-of -date theoretical accounts of believing, such as holding a teleological position of the universe, as these positions are now deemed â€Å"quaintly prescientific† . Combined with the sociological thought of ‘Phenomenology’ in peculiar ‘Transcendental Phenomenology’ , which was a subdivision of phenomenology coined by Edmund Husserl, which basically explores â€Å"the brooding survey of the kernel of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view† and in peculiar in this subdivision of phenomenology is when what we experience is generalised to the indispensable characteristics of any given experience. An merger of these two could be more merely set in the function of what we call ‘social norms’ . ‘Social Norms’ are by manner of definition the â€Å"collective consciousness† of a community, or more merely put the shared values and ethical motives of society. The norms that we hold beloved and that are of indispensable value to our society evidently alteration with little, sometimes about unobtrusive niceties throughout different communities. It is here that I ask the inquiry, do these norms apply in the fire hook community when there are so many people from different backgrounds. Of class this is besides the instance in society, but the cardinal difference in society is that we are non viing against each other in the same manner that fire hook participants are. So do the fire hook participants let their intrinsic functionality of their lives change or even excite their fire hook, or is it possible that fire hook participants have, what I like to nam e a ‘Separated Performance’ degree which allows them to play with a neglect for their societal norms? This is an highly hard impression to seek and turn out or confute, as so many fire hook participants are different and within the game there are so many stereotypes. A more basic attack to this inquiry could be does the pecuniary value in fire hook alteration people and their norms. This can be easy broken down into two classs of fire hook participants, professionals and amateurs. Professionals seem to hold their ain fire hook norms that they uphold throughout their fire hook playing lives, which are cardinal to their game and if they didn’t have such a appreciation on these so fire hook, for a batch of people would non be every bit profitable as it is. Could an recreational participant truly topographic point anything up to ?1 million of their ain money into the pot on a card game, where they are non one hundred per centum positive that they will win? The reply is no. However, could a professional fire hook participant do the same, and the reply is about all the clip yes. The ground for this is the value of money that fire hook participants have. In the telecasting programme ‘High Stakes Poker’ ten professional fire hook participants play against each other in a hard currency game where some participants buy-in for $ 100,000 up to anything like $ 1 million, of their ain money. Many individual custodies of fire hook in this game can be dese rving up to $ 800,000 plus, which if you are non a fire hook participant is a batch of money, nevertheless to the participants it is merely the tool of the trade. Bibliography ‘Interactionism’ ; Paul Atkinson and William Housley, Sage publications 2003. ‘Amarillo Slim in a World full of fat people, the memoirs of the greatest gambler who of all time lived’ ; Thomas Austin Preston, Yellow Jersey Press 2003. ‘Communication in Face to Face Interaction’ ; A aggregation of selected readings edited by John Laver and Sandy Hutcheson, Penguin Modern Linguistics Readings, 1972. ‘Explaining Social Behaviour, More Nuts And Bolts For The Social Sciences’ ; Jon Elster, Cambridge University Press, 2007. ‘The Sociology of Risk and Gambling Reader’ ; selected readers, edited by James F. Cosgrave, Routledge, 2006. ‘Caro’s Book of Poker Tells, The Psychology And Body Language of Poker’ , Mike Caro, Cardoza Publishing, 2003. ‘The Economist’ December 22neodymium2007 – January 4Thursday2008 edition, chiefly pages 31 – 36. ‘Insider Secrets to playing Texas Hold’em Poker Online’ , Theo Cage, 2004, merely available as an online download. ‘Philosophy of Law’ , Jeffrie G. Murphy and Jules L. Coleman, Westview Press, 1990. ‘The Concept of Law’ , H.L.A. Hart, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1994. The Texas Hold’em Dictionary. Action The sum of money wagered by a participant during a playing session. In fire hook, the placing of money into the pot. Active One who is still in the pot. Anchor The participant sitting in the last place at a fire hook tabular array before the trader. This is the individual who makes the concluding determination, thereby grounding the game. Ante A term normally used in fire hook to mention to the first money wagered on a manus, or the minimal sum that each participant is required to set into the pot before a new manus can get down. ( Besides see Blind Bet ) Backdoor Flowers: Even worse than the gutshot is the back door Flush. This is when you need two perfect cards of the same suit to complete your manus. ( Besides see ‘Gutshot’ ) Bankroll The entire sum of money a participant has for a gambling session. Belly Buster A draw to make full an interior heterosexual, besides known as a gutshot . Bet A bet or gamble. Beting Limits The lower limit and upper limit that can be wagered on one stake. Large Slick – A pocket manus of Ace-King, normally suited. Blind Bet A stake that certain fire hook participants are required to do as a consequence of their dissipated place. Bluff In fire hook, participants bluff when raising a weak manus in the hope of coercing out participants with a stronger manus. Bump To raise. Burn Card Any card placed in the discard rack without being entered into drama. After the deck is shuffled and cut, one card is burned. Chips Tokens used at bet oning tabular arraies in stead of hard currency. Chop To return the blinds to the participants who posted them and travel on to the following manus if cipher calls the blind. Cold A participant on a losing run Complete Hand A fire hook manus that is defined by all five cards. That is a consecutive, flush, consecutive flower, or a full house. Cut – When the trader divides the deck of cards into two parts and so inverts them after they have been shuffled. Dealer A casino employee who deals the assorted games. Drop Box On a gambling tabular array, the box that serves as a depository for hard currency, markers, and french friess. Edge The casino s advantage over the participant in any game. Besides known as house border. Face Cards The King, Queen or Jack of each suit. Flush A manus dwelling of five cards of one suit. Fold When a participant declines a stake and drops out of the manus. Four Of A Kind Four cards of the same rank. Besides known as quads. Full House A manus dwelling of a three of a sort and a brace. Gutshots A gutshot is a consecutive draw where merely one card makes your manus. Hand Refers to the cards that you hold, or to everything that happens in a card game between shufflings of the deck. Limp In- To come in the unit of ammunition by naming a stake, instead than raising. Maverick Get downing manus of Queen- Jack. Odds Ratio of chances or the sum a stake wage. Pair Any two cards that have the same rank. Generally, braces can be split and played as two custodies. Pass To non wager, to turn up. Pocket Rockets A brace of Ones in the hole. Pot The sum of money that accumulates in the center of the tabular array as each participant antes, stakes, and raises. The pot goes to the victor of the manus. Raise A participant raises by fiting the old stake and so wagering more, to increase the interest for staying participants. Rake The money that the casino charges for each manus of fire hook. It is normally a per centum ( 5-10 % ) or level fee that is taken from the pot after each unit of ammunition of betting. Rainbow Three of four cards of different suits. Rank The worth of a set of cards. Rounder A professional participant who makes the unit of ammunitions of the large fire hook games in the state. Royal Flush An Ace-high consecutive flower ; the best possible manus. Singleton A card that is the lone one of its rank. Smooth Call -To call, instead than raise, an opposition s stake. Steal To win the pot by bluffing. Straight In fire hook, a manus dwelling of five cards of back-to-back ranks. Straight Flush A manus dwelling of five cards of back-to-back ranks of the same suit. Tells A Tell in fire hook is when you pick up on the behaviour of another participant that gives you a strong sense of the strength or failing of their manus. Three Of A Kind Three cards of the same rank. Throwing a Party When several free or recreational participants are doing important pecuniary parts to the pot. Trips Three of a sort. Two Pair A manus dwelling of two sets of braces and a singleton. Under the Gun First to wager. Whale A high roller. Hand rankings in Texas Hold’em Poker. For the possibilities or ‘odds’ of acquiring these custodies please see figure 1 below. Royal Flush An Ace-High heterosexual of one suit. This is the best manus in Texas Hold’em, though your opportunities of acquiring this are Straight Flush A heterosexual of wholly one suit. Four-of-a-Kind ( Quads ) Four cards of the same rank. Full House ( Full Boat, Boat ) Three-of-a-kind and a brace. The illustration below would be called Queens over Aces or Queens full of Aces . Flush Five cards of the same suit. Straight ( Run ) Five cards of consecutive rank. Note that in Texas Hold’em, Aces can be high or low. An illustration of a consecutive where the Ace is low: Three-of-a-Kind ( Trips, Set ) – Three cards of the same rank. Two Pair – Two cards of the same rank and another two cards of the same rank. The illustration below would be called â€Å"Jacks and Twos† . One Pair – Two cards of the same rank. High Card – When you don’t have any of the above, your highest card determines your manus. The illustration below would be â€Å"King High† or â€Å"High card King† . Fig.1 Texas Hold’em Poker manus odds POKER HAND POSSIBLES ODDS Royal Flush 4.0000015391 Other Straight Flush 36.0000138517 Four of a sort 624.0002400960 Full House 3,744.0014405762 Flush 5,108.0019654015 Directly 10,200.0039246468 Three of a sort 54,912.0211284514 Two Pairs 123,552.0475390156 One Pair 1,098,240.4225690276 Nothing 1,302,540.5011773940 Entire 2,598,960 1.0000000000 Interesting Poker trifle. The four male monarchs used in today’s fire hook playing cards are really based on historical figures. King Of Spades= David, King of Israel King Of Clubs= Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia King Of Diamonds= Caesar Augustus, Emperor of Rome King Of Hearts= King Charlemagne, King of France. The playing card suits originated in France and are said to stand for the four categories of work forces. Spades peers aristocracy, Diamonds, merchandisers, Clubs, provincials, and Hearts the clergy. The 52 cards of the ordinary playing deck are said to typify the 52 hebdomads of the twelvemonth. It is besides thought that the 4 suits relate to the 4 seasons: Spades = Winter Clubs = Spring Hearts = Summer Diamonds = Autumn When Columbus landed on U.S. shores in 1492, his work forces took broad foliages from trees, marked them with images, and so played cards. You can non hold a heterosexual in fire hook without holding either a 5 or a 10 in your manus. Statisticss indicate that some 70 million standard decks of playing cards are sold every individual twelvemonth! President Richard Nixon was besides known for his fire hook wonts, utilizing a big amount of money that he won in a fire hook game to fund his first run for Congress! After winning a cool six expansive playing fire hook with his Navy equals ; Nixon won his manner into office with his large fire hook profitss. Richard Nixon was non the merely celebrated individual to be noted to play fire hook. Groucho Marx earned his name from his fire hook playing inclinations. Groucho Marx used to have on a grouch bag around his cervix all the clip. What was in that grouch bag? That’s right his fire hook money! John Mantagu, the Earl of Sandwich was besides a monolithic fire hook partisan. Mantagu venerated the game of fire hook, so much so that he would frequently prosecute in hours of gambling and would really decline to go forth the tabular arraies to eat. His solution? He would hold person serve him bread and meat. So, non merely do we hold the Earl of Sandwich to thank for our lunch period front-runners, but we besides owe the game of fire hook a testimonial for the sandwich.

Mughal Empire Essays

Mughal Empire Essays Mughal Empire Essay Mughal Empire Essay Mughal Empire Name: Institution: Mughal Empire In the 1526, Babur founded the greatest and the last empire in the Indian history, the Mughal Empire. Mogul is an English word derived from Mughal, which means a hugely powerful person. Babur father and mother came from the Timur’s and Genghis Khan’s Kingdoms respectively. After conquering the Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Sha Lodi in 1526, he named his empire Timurid that is the Mughal Dynasty (John, 1995, p.8). This one empire left a significant impact in India. It was during this period that most the beautiful monuments were set up in India, for instance, the Taj Mahal, which is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Mughal Empire lasted almost for three centuries, between 1526AD to 1857AD, in history; it is one of the largest centralized empires. This one empire had a considerable influence in ancient India and even in the post-India today. However, this empire was unable to last long, it come down after only three centuries. The Mughal Empire left a strong impression in the history of India. Their landmark achievements are still visible today. Among the most conspicuous achievements include, the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort in Delhi, the Humayan’s Tomb and the Fort of Agra. This empire was able to create the best-recognized monuments in the world. Through the Mughal’s, India came to the peak of beauty and refinement. In their works of fine arts, gardening, cuisine, and the emergence of the Urdu language, their work of making India recognized appears. During their reign, music and literature emerged was celebrated. For instance, the Sufi music was renowned by most Indians during that period. Despite all these great achievements, the empire was unable to stand the test of time. On 7 November 1862, the British threw the last emperor of the Mughal’s in prison in Burma just after the Indian rebellion of 1857. This was the end of a great dynasty in India. Aurangzeb is largely to blame for the decline of the Mughal Empire, unlike his predecessors; he did not struggle hard to win the loyalty of those he ruled. He never tolerated the non-Muslims; he ordered them, also take part in the celebrations and other Hindu activities. This made him lose the support and loyalty of the Rajputs (Keene, 2007, p.11). He killed Sikh Guru was not welcomed by the Marathas making them declare war against him. Those who succeeded Aurangzeb were extremely incompetent. They did nothing to protect the empire, but instead were more into pleasure and thus made them quickly become unable to rule the state. The rulers were unable to come up with a definite law for the people. This caused war amongst the emperor’s sons each time an emperor died. These created rooms for anarchy since each son used the noble members of the family to enable him ascend to the throne. The availability of luxuries and wealth caused laziness among the Mughal’s army. This made the m inefficient, ineffective and corrupt; this proved them disloyal to the commander making them loss battles. They often fought themselves for money and women. This also created room for the rise of new political powers like the Sikhs, Jats and Marathas. These new powers were annoyed by the rule of the Mughal’s, broke away to form their own states, weakening the empire. The coming of the British put an end to the Mughal’s empire. They greatly messed the politics of India and set up their own empire in India, the British Empire that lasted for 200 years. The constant wars had an adverse effect on the economic ability of the empire. In conclusion, the Mughal’s empire came down due to own making. References Richards, J. F., Johnson, G. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge [u.a.: Cambridge Univ. Press. Keene, H. G. (2010). Fall of the Moghul Empire of Hindustan. S.l.: General Books.

ENGLISH JOURNAL ANALYSIS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENGLISH JOURNAL ANALYSIS - Coursework Example It redefined the minima of theatrical certainty.   It was simple as that. He got away. He won by twenty-eight lengths, and he’d done it with so little—and I mean that as an enormous compliment. There they all were, busting a gut with great monologues and fireworks, and this extraordinary genius just put this play together with enormous refinement, and then with two completely unprecedented and unique bursts of architecture in the middle—terrible metaphor—and there it was, theatre. Though scholars and enthusiasts have speculated on the form and structure of the play, not many have managed to grasp the influence of the play over the linguistic characteristics of theatre. Contrary to the earlier attempts to construct a play using carefully chosen dialogues, Beckett liberated dramatic speech from the clutches of rhetoric and replaced it with his unique choice of words which contradict the foundations of conventional grammar. Most importantly, he strips words of their literal or contextual interpretations in an attempt to prove it being ineffective of trying to find sense inherent in the universe.

Uses of Simulation Technology in Hospitals Article

Uses of Simulation Technology in Hospitals - Article Example Simulation is based on three types, which are live, virtual and also constructive simulation. It can also be of combined styles with live simulation involving humans or equipment and activity in a setting where the operation is real. The virtual simulation, on the other hand, involves humans and equipment but in a computerized controlled setting (Wilson & Rockstraw, 2011). This mainly depends on time factor making the users concentration extremely significant. Constructive simulations do not involve humans or equipment rather than time and the occurrence of events. These can be seen by the occurrence of hurricane among others. How Simulation can be used as Orientation Teaching Modalities Simulation is used for training in schools to procedures which are irreversible such as patient care and surgery. This is also used in testing the student’s performance in communication skills, application of the knowledge they have and also be able to think critically. Through simulation, the students are able to be provided by a powerful learning experience (Bayley & Drury, 1998). Through this, they are grouped for the purpose of assessment. Simulation has enabled students to take part in fragile and surgical patient treatment. Most of the students gain experience as the devices are able to be controlled in case of a misunderstanding of a student or an emergency thereby not causing deaths and injuries. Learning in the healthcare system requires the knowledge and skills which are mostly developed through apprenticeship. Through the situations occurrence in the livelihood, the students are able to gain experience and become more competent. This is seen as a better way of learning as the experiences enable them applying their skills. Simulation also offers a scheduled and a learning experience which is not easily obtained in real life. Students can obtain techniques on dealing with a high workload, coordination under stress and gaining of information regarding principles to be considered as they put it in practice (Dyro, 2004). Through simulation, the learners are able to correct their mistakes without an expertise intervention as it is computerized. This gives an adequate knowledge of the areas with flaws so as to avoid future mistakes. The learning experience through the simulation process can also be customized. The stimulation process incorporates all students despite being experts in the field (Dyro, 2004). The simulation training method is helpful when it comes to illness like heart attack, allergic reactions and malignant hyperthermia among others. Simulation allows repetition of activities which provides a better place for one’s learning experience in the field (Kyle & Murray, 2008). How Simulation can be used in the Academic Setting In the academic setting, stimulation is used for research purposes. Many research activities happen in order to improve the patients’ safety and also in dealing with difficult illnesses, which have emerged. This also improves the quality of services provided as it is undemanding to evaluate an improved system of treatment. New procedures can be studied under the simulated conditions through the tests conducted. The different kinds of simulation which include virtual live and computer based may be used in finding a solution to a given research conducted (Wilson & Rockstraw, 2011). Through simulation, learners can experience a safe environment for practice. This is because of the technology which prevents one from endangering the health of the patient which makes it a better tool to be used as compared to the traditional education which was risky to the patient’s life (Satava, 1995). The environment can also be seen to as conducive as it allows learning

Myth as (Roman) History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Myth as (Roman) History - Essay Example With a tendency to illustrate stories in terms of black and white, good and evil, exemplary and deplorable, myths manage to capture the basic ideologies of a given culture and paint a picture of what everyday life might have been like within that culture. The way in which the myths changed over time reflect changes in the ideologies of the people telling the stories, editing and changing to suit new or emerging concepts as a result of trade, enlightenment or other factors. To illustrate how changing myths reflect a changing culture while also providing clues to that culture, it is helpful to examine several similar myths that have been preserved for a specific ideological concept. For this study, the concept of rape will be examined through the stories of the Sabine Women, the rape of Lucretia and the rape of Europa to indicate the attitudes of the ancient Romans and Greeks regarding women and feminine issues. The origins of Rome are included in the story of the rape of the Sabine women. According to early accounts, the new Romans were aware that while they had the strength to withstand invasions, they did not have the women necessary to continue their lines into the next generation but offers for marriage sent out to neighboring nations were refused. To overcome this barrier, Romulus and the other Roman men invited several neighboring nations to join them in one of the larger celebrations of Neptune and, when everyone had been gathered, the women were snatched by the Romans while their families and other men were pushed out of the city. Livy (1st cent.) calmly explained how the youths of the city grabbed the girls that were nearest to hand, but that some had already been reserved for the senators and relates how their grief was assuaged by the assurances of Romulus that they would be given full rights of marriage and that the children that would be the inevitable result of the mass rape would reconcile them to their husbands.

Impact That Mental Health Of Individuals Psychology Essay

Impact That Mental Health Of Individuals Psychology Essay A mental illness is a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people, the term mental disorder is also used to refer to these health problems. Mental health problems also interfere with how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, but to a lesser extent than mental illness. Mental health problems are more common and include the mental ill health that can be experienced temporarily as a reaction to the stresses of life. Mental health problems are less severe than mental illnesses, but may develop into a mental illness if they are not effectively dealt with. This study examines the impact mental illness has on family members. When people first knew about mental illness they thought it was demon possession, but today research has shown the effects that psychology has on treatment and recovery. This qualitative research was done in the area of La Brea, with questionnaires being randomly given out to 25 families. Before they answered the questionnaire they will be questioned on mental illness and given some information about the different types. After filling out the questionnaire they are going to have a choice to drop it into my mail box or personally hand it in. The results show that many people are affected by mental illness especially young adults which can have many effects on the family, like financial stress, emotional and feelings of guilt. Mental illness can affect any one at all ages, gender, cultures, educational and income levels. What is important is the support the individual and family gets, therefore by supporting the family members it becomes easier for them to care for the sick person. Mental health awareness should be done in communities to increase peoples understanding towards a greater mental health society so there can be less stigmatization. Introduction Background of the Problem Mental illness has its earliest history of the healing arts; there has been an evolution of theories regarding the root causes of mental illness. Early writings from such ancient civilizations as those of Greece, Rome, India, and Egypt focused on demonic possession as the cause; this concept eventually disappeared only to resurface again in the Middle Ages in Europe, along with inadequate treatment of the mentally ill. Demons or foul spirits were believed to attach themselves to individuals and make them depressed (poor-spirited) or mad. The word  mad  became an early synonym for  psychosis. Unfortunately, the possessed included people with seizure disorders as well as others were suffering from what are now known to be medical disorders. Few genuinely helpful treatments were available to relieve the suffering of the mentally ill. By the eighteenth century they began to look at mental illness differently. It was during this time period that madness began to be seen as an illness beyond the control of the person rather than the act of a demon, and due to this, thousands of people were confined to dungeons of daily torture and were released to asylums where medical forms of treatment began to be investigated. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, several European neurologists began actively investigating the causes of mental illness. Chief among them, and destined to change forever the understanding of mental illness, was Sigmund Freud. Although psychology and psychiatry have advanced considerably since Freud, his explorations were revolutionary. Freud introduced the concepts of the unconscious and the ego to modern thought, and reintroduced the ancient art of dream interpretation, but from a psychological standpoint. Freud also regarded human psychological states as an energy system in which blockages in the flow of thought would result in disease or illness, expressed as mental or emotional loss of balance. He introduced the notion of a talking cure; through the use of  talk therapy alone, and this showed many improvements to patients. Today, the medical model continues to be a driving force in the diagnosing and treatment of mental illness, although research has shown the powerful effects that psychology has on a persons recovery. Statement of the Problem What is the impact that mental health of individuals has on the lives of family members? Purpose of the Study The intent of this study is to understand how families cope with a member which suffers with mental illness. This study also seeks to explore how mental illness affects them and the person as they interact with other in society. Scope of the Study This study will assist me the student in my studies to gain an understanding and knowledge about mental illness. The result of this study will encourage people to know that mental illness is not a life sentence and that people who suffer from mental illness can recover where they can live normal lives. Definition of Terms Mental Illness- mental illness is a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people, the term mental disorder is also used to refer to these health problems. Diminished to make smaller or less or to cause to appear so. Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life for weeks or longer. Schizophrenia schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it  hard to, tell the difference between what is real and not real, think clearly, have normal emotional responses and act  normal in social situations. Bipolar Disorder bipolar disorder is a condition in which people go back and forth between periods of a very good or irritable mood and  depression. The mood swings between mania and depression can be very quick. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviours that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). Panic Disorder panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which you have repeated attacks of intense fear that something bad will happen. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) post-traumatic stress disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after youve seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviours. CBT is commonly used to treat a wide range of disorders, including  phobias, addiction, depression and anxiety. Interpersonal Therapy Interpersonal  therapy  focuses on the interpersonal relationships of the depressed person. The idea of interpersonal therapy is that  depression can be treated by improving the communication patterns and how people relate to others. Psychosis psychosis is a loss of contact with reality that usually includes: false beliefs about what is taking place or who one is (delusions) and seeing or hearing things that arent there (hallucinations). Stigmatization stigma is a perceived negative attribute that causes someone to devalue or think less of the whole person. People tend to distance themselves from individuals in stigmatized groups, to blame individuals in these groups for the perceived negative attributes, and to discriminate against and diminish the stigmatized individuals. LITERATURE REVEW What is the impact of mental health of individuals on the lives of family members? Mental illness has been an area under discussion and was bounded with mystery and fear, but at present, there have been remarkable improvement in our understanding and, especially in our ability to offer effective treatments. However, questions about mental illness often go unanswered and stand in the way of people receiving help. Mental illnesses are medical conditions that disrupt a persons thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning, mental illnesses are medical conditions that often result in a diminished capacity for coping with the ordinary demands of life. Mental health  refers to our cognitive, and/or emotional wellbeing it is all about how we think, feel and behave. Mental health, if somebody has it, can also mean an absence of a mental disorder. Approximately 25% of people in the UK have a mental health problem during their lives. The USA is said to have the highest incidence of people diagnosed with mental health problems in the developed world. Your mental health can affect your daily life, relationships and even your physical health. Mental health also includes a persons ability to enjoy life to attain a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience. Serious mental illnesses include major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder; post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with mental illness recovery is possible. Mental illnesses affect people of any age, race, religion, or income. Mental illnesses are not the result of personal weakness, lack of character or poor upbringing. Most people diagnosed with a serious mental illness can experience relief from their symptoms by actively participating in an individual treatment plan. Mental illness can be treated with the use of psychosocial treatment such as cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, peer support groups and other community services can also be components of a treatment plan and that assist with recovery. It cannot be overcome through will power and are not related to a persons character or intelligence. Mental illness usually strike individuals in the prime of their lives, often during adolescence and young adulthood. All ages are susceptible, but the young and the old are especially vulnerable. Without treatment the consequences of mental illness for the individual and society are staggering: unnecessary disability, unemployment, substance abuse, homelessness, inappropriate incarceration, suicide and wasted lives. It is very critical and of vital importance that mental illness is identified for effective recovery to be accelerated and the further harm related to the course of illness is minimized. The exact causes of mental disorders are unknown, but an explosive growth of research has brought us closer to the answers. We can say that certain inherited dispositions interact with triggering environmental factors. Poverty and stress are well-known to be bad for your health-this is true for mental health and physical health. In fact, the distinction between mental illness and physical illness can be misleading. Like physical illnesses, mental disorders can have a biological nature. Many physical illnesses can also have a strong emotional component. According to WHO (World Health Organization), mental health is  a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. WHO stresses that mental health is not just the absence of mental disorder. The NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health, USA) mental disorders are common in the USA and internationally. Approximately 57.7 million Americans suffer from a mental disorder in a given year that is approximately 26.2% of adults. However, the main burden of illness is concentrated in about 1 in 17 people (6%) who suffer from a serious mental illness. Approximately half of all people who suffer from a mental disorder probably suffer from another mental disorder at the same time, experts say. Scientists, psychiatrists, and other health care professionals know that the brain is made up in large part of essential fatty acids, water and other nutrients. The evidence is growing and becoming more compelling that diet can play a significant role in the care and treatment of people with mental health problems, including depression,  ADHD  (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) to name but a few. According to a Swedish study, half of the family members have had to give up their own recreational pursuits. The burdens of caring for a patient at home are considerable. They often affect the caring relatives social and leisure activities, and financial problems arise frequently. Relatives have difficulties in understanding and coming to terms with illness-related behaviour. Negative symptoms are often a particular problem. Despite their burden, relatives do not complain much, although they receive little support, advice or information from the professionals engaged in treating the patient; much is now known about the difficulties relatives face, but we still need to know how they can best be helped. Todays model of psychiatric care recognizes the importance of families as part of the treatment team. Enlightened interventions which help families struggling with child abuse and neglect, domestic and community violence, substance abuse, or school failure increasingly integrate psychiatric consultation into their programs. Any or all of these interventions may be used in tailoring a treatment plan for patients. Methodology Mental illness affects many individuals in society, some known and others unknown. People who is affected by mental illness needs the support from family members in the process of their recovery, therefore it is extremely important that they have this which will make a major difference to their well being. This study is a qualitative research and will be done with the use of questionnaires which will be given out to 25 families in the area of La Brea. They are going to be informed that a study is being done, in the highest of confidence and it is part of my course of study. The respondents will just have to fill out the questionnaire without their names or addresses, after it is filled out they can drop it into my mail box or they can personally hand it in. The results of these questionnaires are going to be organized by tallying each question to understand how many people said what, and it will be presented through the use of either charts, tables and graphs. This study on mental illness aims at investigating, How many people suffer from mental illness within their family? What did they do to assist? How they felt when their family member got sick? Were they hospitalized or they got private treatment? What support factors were there? Was there any stigmatization from anyone? This study is going to have some unavoidable limitations, which can be the time limit of eight weeks, this research is being conducted in one limited area and the group chosen may not represent the majority suffering from mental illness. Data Sample The participants for this research were selected based on their availability, their willingness to participate due to the understanding that this is just for research purposes and their knowledge that mental illness is a matter people work with everyday. A selection of 25 participants will take part in the study in the area of La Brea. In terms of ethnic background (20) 75% African and (5) 25%East Indian background, with about 20 female and 5 male ranging from the ages 15 to 65. The participants focused on in this study have had or have family members with mental health issues. Results Figure 1 Figure one shows that in the district of La Brea, 60% of the homes are of African descent, 20% are of East Indian, there is no Spanish, 12%are of Mixed Ethnicity and 8% are of another descent. Figure 2 Figure two shows that in La Brea, there are 40% of nuclear families, 40% of extended families and 20% of single parent families. Figure 3 Figure 3 shows that 80% said yes that their family suffered from mental illness are 80% and 20% said no. Figure 4 Mentally ill people are of different ages therefore; figure 4 shows that the highest age range is persons in the age group twenty years at 32% which indicates that younger people suffer from mental illness, then thirty five years at 28%, twenty five years at 16%, thirty eight years at 12%, and eighteen years at 4%. Figure 5 Figure 5 shows that more males than females suffer from mental illness as 60% of males and 40% of females has at some time in their life suffered from this sickness. Figure 6 Treatment can range be medication, counselling, change of diet or other which is a combination of two or all three. Medication was the highest being 60%, counselling and other had 20% each. Figure 7 Mental illness can have many effects on family members as 40% were stressed, 20% each became scared and confused while 12% were sad as too the fact that their family is suffering from this and 8% were helpless because they did not know how to deal with it. Discussion This study looked at the impact of mental illness of individuals on the lives of family members which can be described as a painful and sometimes traumatic experience. The majority of persons said that they had a family member who suffered from mental illness which became a bit difficult for them to go through, as some felt isolated while others needed help and support for themselves. Some family members also felt guilty and shame because they thought that they were to blame for the illness and not knowing how to handle this type of crisis. Referring to the literature todays model of psychiatric care recognizes the importance of families as part of the treatment process. Scientists and psychiatrists clames that diet can play a significant role in the care and treatment process. It also states that more males than females suffer from mental illness and people between the ages of 20-35 years are highly vulnerable to this illness. Therefore, this study indicates that mental illness is real, it is treatable by medication, therapy and other modalities, as psychiatrists help patients to understand their illness. My recommendations after doing this research on mental illness many people were not aware that there are different types and help is available. I would recommend that lectures, flyers and having activities where the community can interact with each other to increase awareness on mental illness. Conclusion Mental illness can have a devastating effect on an individual, his or her family, friends, and on the community in many ways.   How it affects the individual is obvious, reduced ability to care for themselves, strong negative emotions, distorted thoughts, inappropriate behaviour, and reduced ability to maintain a relationship are only a few possible outcomes.   On friends and family, it can be a major responsibility to care for someone suffering from a mental illness, the emotional and behavioural components of some illnesses can be very difficult at times to understand and to deal with.   Mental illness also affects the community due to the high incidence of homelessness and unemployment in some serious disorders such as schizophrenia. We as a society are starting to see that depression doesnt mean weakness, that anxiety doesnt mean fear, and that schizophrenia doesnt mean violence.   We finally understand that needing help for mental or emotional reasons does not represent a character flaw. Weve got a long way to go, but compared to the time when this was seen as demonic possession, and even compared to a few years ago, weve already come a great distance. References About Interpersonal Therapy | Psych Central. (n.d.). Psych Central Trusted mental health, depression, bipolar, ADHD and psychology information .. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/about-interpersonal-therapy/ Bipolar disorder PubMed Health. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001924/ Cherry, K. (n.d.). What Is Cognitive Behavior Therapy?. Psychology Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators Enthusiasts. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://psychology.about.com/od/psychotherapy/a/cbt.htm Effects of Mental Illness on the Family. (n.d.). Psychology Free Online Medical Advice, Mental Health, Anxiety, Relationship Advice. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://web4health.info/en/answers/life-family-mental-illness.htm NAMI | About Mental Illness. (n.d.). NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness Mental Health Support, Education and Advocacy. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.nami.org/template.cfm?section=about_mental_illness Obsessive-compulsive disorder PubMed Health. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001926/ Origin of mental illnesses children, causes, effects, therapy, paranoia, adults, withdrawal, drug. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.minddisorders.com/Ob-Ps/Origin-of-mental-illnesses.html#b Panic disorder PubMed Health. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001922/ Post-traumatic stress disorder PubMed Health. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001923/ Psychosis PubMed Health. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002520/ Schizophrenia PubMed Health. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001925/ Therapy Providers in Psychology 101 at AllPsych Online. (n.d.). Psychology Classroom at AllPsych Online. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://allpsych.com/psychology101/therapists.html What Is Mental Health? What Is Mental Disorder?. (n.d.). Medical News Today: Health News. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543.php What is Mental Illness? | Canadian Mental Health Association. (n.d.). Canadian Mental Health Association | Mental Health for All. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from http://www.cmha.ca/mental_health/what-is-mental-illness/#.UIyCMsVfCSo Top of Form

The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela Essay -- Book Reviews Mexican Revoluti

Author Mariano Azuela's novel of the Mexican revolution, The Underdogs, conveys a fictional representation of the revolution and the effects it had on the Mexican men and women who lived during that time. The revolutionary rebels were composed of different men grouped together to form small militias against the Federalists, in turn sending them on journeys to various towns, for long periods of time. Intense fighting claimed the lives of many, leaving women and children behind to fend for themselves. Towns were devastated forcing their entire populations to seek refuge elsewhere. The revolution destroyed families across Mexico, leaving mothers grieving for their abducted daughters, wives for their absent husbands, and soldiers for their murdered friends. The novel's accurate depiction also establishes some of the reasons why many joined the revolution, revealing that often, those who joined were escaping their lives to fight for an unknown cause. The Underdogs' protagonist, Demetrio Macias, joins the fight against the Federalists after his house is burned and his dog is shot, as a result of a quarrel he had with Don Monico, the boss of his town, Moyahua (48). Macias "spit on his beard because he wouldn't mind his own business...Then just because [he] did that [Don Monico] had the whole...Federal Government against [him]" (Azuela 50). Many rebels, like Macias, joined the revolution in search for a better life, free from persecution by local caciques. The rebels were unhappy with the way government officials treated the poor, by stealing their pigs, chicken and corn, burning their homes and carrying off with their women (Azuela 17). Others were running away from the law, for crimes they had committed. In The Underdogs, one of Ma... ...a significant event for the men and women of Mexico, comprising a large portion of their lives. Many joined the fight in search for a better life, others wanted revenge, and some were running from the law. Together they formed disorganized and unfocused militias where many lost their lives. During the revolution hundreds were forced to leave their homes and belongings in search for a safer place. Families were torn and separated for years at a time, and women were left to support their houses and children. Eventually, the rebels begun to act like the Federalists, by looting, drinking, and at times killing their own men over money related brawls. The men became accustomed to the violent lifestyle, and although they did not know why, they continued to fight without an end in sight. Works Cited Azuela, Mariano. The Underdogs. Trans. E. Munguia, Jr. New York: 1996.

Frankenstein: Movie Vs. Book Essay

Frankenstein has been done and redone many many times. The most recent version starring Kenneth Branagh, who also directed it, and Robert DeNiro has many differences when compared to the original story. Mary Shelley?s original story provided a story line for the imagination of the filmmaker, making the movie related to the original story but also unique in itself. For the most part, if one were to only watch the movie they would have a fairly good sense of the book. There are many minor details which are different from the in the book and movie. One of the most apparent differences between the book and the movie is the actual appearance of the monster. In the book the monster is described having ?yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of lustrous black, and flowing, his teeth of pearly whiteness?watery eyes?shriveled complexion and straight black lips (35). In the movie the monster looked completely different than the description that the book provided. In the movie, the monster?s hair was not black rather it was brown. It had absolutely no ?flow? to it because it was cut very short. His skin was no yellow at all, rather he was a bit pale. Also his teeth did not stand out as pearly white. They were in fact white but nothing too noticeable. He did not seem to be a very muscular man as he was described in the book. His lips were not straight black, but were lips like regular people had. The filmmakers did do a great job distorting the monsters face. Also, in the book, the reader got a feeling that the monster had human like characteristics. The monster seemed to have a heart and to love and want to be around people (but he just could not be), while in the movie the monster seemed much meaner and less friendlily. Caroline and Elizabeth?s characters were a little bit different in the movie. In the book the picture of Caroline was found in a locket while in the movie it was just the picture found. Also in the book Caroline died from Scarlet Fever, while in the book she died at childbirth. In the book Elizabeth?s hair is described as being blonde, while in the movie her was brown.  Differences such as these did not take away from the movie. Elizabeth?s death was portrayed very differently in the movie than in the book. In the book the monster punched her chest and ripped out her heard and then threw her in a fire. The scene was very graphic. The scene in the book was not as graphic. There was no way that it could have been as graphic because the monster killed Elizabeth in the way he killed all the other by strangling her to death. In the movie after her death Victor cannot forgive himself and decides to bring her back to life, with her head and Justine?s body. The movie was dramatically different from the book because in the book he does not bring her back to life at all. Also in the movie when Victor brings her back to life, the monster thinks that he has created her for him and they have a little battle over her. Nothing like this happened in the book. Another minor detail that was not mentioned in the movie was that Victor had a brother named Ernest. This minor detail did not take away from the movie at all. What was a little bit different was that in the book Victor and Henry Clerval went to school together as young boys, while in the movie they meet at the University. In the book Henry Clerval dies and in the movie he does not. A bigger difference was that in the book Alphonso Frankenstein, Victor?s father just died, and in the movie the monster killed him. In the book the Victors father was a businessman and in the movie the father was a doctor, which was pretty different but it was not a dramatic difference. In the book Victor traveled to England and Scotland and in the book they did not show this. He was also jailed and then his father came to get him, but in the movie he did not spend any time in jail. There are many differences from the book and the movie. Most of the differences were very minor and did not make the story much different. But the few differences that were dramatically different had a big effect on the movies plot.

Principal Structural Units of the Airplane Essays

Principal Structural Units of the Airplane Essays Principal Structural Units of the Airplane Essay Principal Structural Units of the Airplane Essay Dialogue T. Well consider the principal structural units of the airplane. Look at the picture (Fig. 1. 1). This is an airplane. [pic] Figure 1. 1 T. Do you know the meaning of the word airplane ? S. Yes, I do. It is Ð »Ã'â€"Ã'‚Ð °Ã º. T. You are right. There are some words in the English language which have the same meaning. They are aircraft, airliner and aeroplane, plane, for short. S. What does the airplane consist of? T. The airplane consists of five principal structural units: the fuselage, the wing, the tail unit, the landing gear and the power plant. The wing means kphjio. It is the main plane of the aircraft. The word plane has two meanings Ð »Ã'â€"Ã'‚Ð °Ã º Ã'‚a Ð ¿Ã »Ã ¾Ã'‰Ð ¸Ã ½Ã °. S. What is the function of the wing? T. The function of the wing is to support an airplane in the air and to create lift. S. What is the function of the fuselage? T. The function of the fuselage is to carry passengers, crew, cargo, equipment and to support the wing, tail unit and engines in some designs. It also carries the landing gear. S. What is the meaning of the word crew. T. It is Ð µÃ ºÃ'â€"Ð ¿Ã °Ã ¶. Cargo means Ð ²Ã °Ã ½Ã'‚Ð °Ã ¶. The Ukrainian for tail unit is Ã'…Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ²Ã ° Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ½Ã °. There are some synonyms to it. They are: the tail assembly, tail, empennage, fin assembly. The word engine means Ð ´Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ³Ã'Æ'Ð ½. The landing gear is Ã'ˆÐ °Ã' Ã'â€". S. What is the function of the tail unit? T. The function of the tail unit is to provide directional stability and control of the airplane in flight. S. What is the function of the power plant? T. The power plant is a source of power. S. What is the function of the landing gear? T. The landing gear supports the airplane on the ground and its function is also to absorb shocks of landing. I am sure you know the meaning of the word land and landing means Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã °Ã ´Ã ºÃ °. Exercise 1. Read and translate text 1. Text 1. Principal Structural Units of the Airplane The airplane consists of five principal structural units: the fuselage, the wing, the tail unit, the landing gear and the power plant. The fuselage extends from the nose to the tail of the airplane. It houses passengers, crew, cargo and equipment. It supports the wing, tail unit and sometimes engines. The fuselage also carries the landing gear. The wings are lifting and supporting surfaces of the airplane in flight. The function of the wing is to support the airplane in the air and to create lift. The function of the tail unit is to provide directional stability and control of the airplane in flight. The tail unit consists of two surfaces, vertical and horizontal. The function of the power plant is to provide power for flight and to propel the airplane. The landing gear supports the airplane on the ground and its function is to taxi the aircraft on the ground and to absorb the energy of landing. Exercise 2. Translate word combinations with the term aircraft: civil aircraft, cargo aircraft, military aircraft, passenger aircraft, ambulance aircraft, commercial aircraft, sea aircraft, cargo-passenger aircraft, long-range aircraft, forest patrol aircraft, mail-carrying aircraft, search and rescue aircraft. Exercise 3. Translate noun + noun word-combinations: aircraft engine, air flow, design principles, fuel tank, shock absorber, control unit, air pressure, fuselage skin, oil system, rocket engine, helicopter rotor, airplane speed, engine operation, flight condition. Exercise 4 Match the synonyms, aircraftspeed wingsource of power tail unitundercarriage landing gearmain plane power plantempennage fuselageairplane velocitycentral body Exercise 5. Translate verb-combinations. to consist of structural units, to extend from the nose to the tail, to support the wing, to carry cargo, to create lift, to provide directional stability, to control the airplane in flight, to propel the aircraft, to absorb the energy of landing, to taxi on the ground. Exercise 6. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative. 1. The fuselage is the central body of the airplane. 2. We divide the aeroplane into five principal structural units. 3. The power plant provides power for flight. 4. The tail unit consists of two surfaces, vertical and horizontal. 5. The wing extends equally on each side of the fuselage. Exercise 7. Say if the following statements are true or false. If they are wrong, correct them. 1. The airplane consists of two principal structural units. 2. The tail unit supports the wing. 3. The function of the power plant is to create lift. 4. The wings are not lifting and supporting surfaces of the airplane in flight. 5. The fuselage controls the airplane in flight. Exercise 8. Answer the questions. 1. What units does the airplane consist of? 2. What does the fuselage carry? 3. What supports the tail unit? 4. What provides directional stability of the airplane in flight? 5. What propels the airplane? Exercise 9. Read and translate text 2. Text 2. Airplane Structure The airplane, engine-driven vehicle can fly through the air-supported by the action of the air against its wings. Airplanes are heavier than air. Airplanes generally share the same basic configuration each usually has a fuselage, wing, tail, power plant, landing gear, and a set of specialized control surfaces mounted on the wing and tail. The fuselage is the main cabin, or body of the airplane. Generally the fuselage has a cockpit section at the front end, where the pilot controls the airplane, and a cabin section. The cabin section may be designed to carry passengers, cargo, or both. In a military fighter plane, the fuselage may house the engines, fuel, electronics, and some weapons. All airplanes, by definition, have wings. Some are nearly all wings with a very small cockpit. Others have minimal wings or wings that seem to be merely extensions of a blended, aerodynamic fuselage such as the space shuttle. Most airplanes, except for flying wings, have a tail assembly attached to the rear of the fuselage, consisting of vertical and horizontal stabilizers, which look like small wings; a rudder, and elevators. The components of the tail assembly are referred to as the empennage. All airplanes must have some type of landing gear. Modern aircraft employ brakes, wheels, and tires designed specifically for the demands of flight. Exercise 10. Give definition to the following terms. aircraft, fuselage, wing, empennage, landing gear, power plant. Exercise 11. Speak on: 1. Aircraft structure. 2. Functions of aircraft structural units. Exercise 12. Translate text 3 in writing. Text 3. Aircraft Performance The aircraft performance includes dimensional data and the main flying characteristics. Dimensional data are length, wing span, height and width. The main flying characteristics are maximum take-off weight, maximum landing and payload weight, passenger capacity or number of seats, number of crew, cargo capacity, cruising speed, flight range, flight altitude, non-stop flying time, practical ceiling or service ceiling, engine type and thrust of each engine, number of engines, take-off and landing ground run, maximum fuel capacity, etc. The aircraft usually takes the name of the designer or manufacturer. Here are some of the aircraft designers: Antonov, Ilushin, Tupolev, Yakovlev. Manufacturers names are represented by: Boeing, Bristol, Canadair, Convair, Douglas, Lockheed, Vickers and others. Following the name of the designer or manufacturer comes a type code, known in some airlines as a class. For example: Antonov-70 (designers name and type code), Douglas DC-6B (manufacturers name and type code),etc. The aircraft can be supplied in some versions: Economy-Class Business-Class and First-Class. Exercise 13. Copy out aviation terms from text 3. Exercise 14. Answer the questions. 1. What dimensional data does the aircraft performance include? 2. What are the main flying characteristics? 3 The aircraft usually takes the name of the designer, doesnt it? 4. What is the type code? 5. What versions can an aircraft be supplied in? Exercise 15. Speak on Aircraft performance. Exercise 16. Remember aircraft performance data. 777-200 First flight: June 12,1994 Model number: 777-200 Classification: Commercial transport Span: 199 feet 11 inches Length: 209 feet 1 inch Gross weight: 506,000 pounds Cruising speed: 615 mph Range: 4,210 to 8, 270 miles Ceiling: 37, 900 feet Power: Two 74, 500-/77,200-pound-thrust PW 4074/4077 engines, two 74,500-/76,400-pound-thrust GE 90-75B/76B engines, or two 74,600-/76,900-pound-thrust RR Trent 875/877 engines Accommodation: 305 to 440 passengers AN-124IL- 86 Cargo cabin dimensions:Length: 59,5 m Length: 36mWing span: 48 m No. of engines: 4 Cruising speed: 850-900 km/hr Altitude: 10-11 km Range: 3,000 5,000 km No. f seats: 350 Width: 6. 4 m Height: 4. 4 m Maximum take-off weight: 405,000kg Maximum cargo capacity: 150,000kg Engine type and power: D-l 8T 4230 /423,400kg Cruising speed: 800-850 km/hr Flight altitude: 10,000 12,000 m Flight range with maximum cargo: 4,500 km Maximum flight range: 16,500 km DarkStar UAV First flight. March 29, 1996 Classification: Experimental unmanned aerial vehicle Span: 69 feet Length: 15 feet Range: 500 nautical miles Ceiling: Grea ter than 45,000 feet Power: Single turbofan engine Accommodation: Unmanned

The History Behind a Novel

The History Behind a Novel Free Online Research Papers Even though many people think history is boring, most classic novels take place during a historical time. The Prince and the Pauper takes place during the fifteen thirties of England during the reign of the House of Tudors. Through the use of historical facts Mark Twain demonstrates historical significance of the novel by using the reign of the Tudor family. Although Elizabeth I, is someone who is very simplistic in The Prince and The Pauper, she brings lots of humor into the plot. Elizabeth I , the second daughter of King Henry VIII and first daughter to Anne Boelyn, Henry’s second wife, was born on September seventh fifteen thirty three. Elizabeth became the queen of England in fifteen thirty eight, after her half sister Mary I, was forced into exhile in fifteen fifty seven. The way that Mark Twain positions Elizabeth into the novel is that she portrays Edward’s half-sister, a sweet, proper teenage girl, although she is always full of joy, shoe dooes not recognize that the boy, Tom Canty who is pretending to be Edward, is not her brother. He says â€Å"The details are never made obtrusive, and the â€Å"local color† is never laid on with excess: but the spirit of the age preceding that of Elizabeth is maintained with just the proper degree of art to avoid artfulness† (Vogelback 50). She says â€Å"We know it, sir,’ said the Princess Elizabeth, taking her ‘brother’s’ hand between her two palms; ‘trouble not thyself as to that. The fault is none of thine, but thhy distemper’s.’† (Twain 37). In the novel, Elizabeth is attempting to tell her brother not to fear about their father’s illness, since he is strong and will get better soon. Twain analyzes Elizabeth as caring, proper, yet extremely naive. In The Prince and The Pauper, no matter the difficulties they faced, Edward was comforted by eldest half sister Mary I. Mary was born in February during fifteen sixteen, she was the first surviving child to King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. After her brother was born, the English parliament declared Elizabeth and Mary unauthorized to the thorne in the future if Henry was to pass away. Twain demonstrates Mary role as Edwards older, supportive sister. He says â€Å"The princesses Mary and Elizabeth kindly tried aid their supposed brother, who by that time was too frightened to confess that he was Tom Canty, a beggar dressed in the prince’s clothing.†(Masterplots 3). Although Mary is devastated by the death of her father, she does her best to make sure that Edward has the support to be the next king of England. Even though King Henry VIII had three children, it did not stop him from marrying Catherine Parr, his sixth and final wife. After the death of her husband John Neville, Lord Latimer, she became betrothed to recent widower King Henry VIII, for he had just witnessed the execution on his late wife Catherine Howard. She changed the lives of Henry’s children for when she suggested that Princess Mary and Elizabeth be put next for the throne. Catherine was a wonderful champion and a nurse, although when news stretched about how Henry’s health was beginning to become fatal, she remained his personal nurse. In The Prince and The Pauper, Twain analyzes Catherine in the novel as Edward’s stepmother, even though that was who Catherine really was during that time. In the novel, Catrherine is doing a duel role being a mother to the children and a nurse to Henry. After the king’s death, Catherine wonders why Edward is acting so strange as the days come closer to the day of his crowning ceremony. While Catherine is determined to find out why Edward is acting so peculiar, yet still focusing on getting Edward ready for his formal procedure as king. Catherine is not Edward’s birth mother, so Catherine does not recognize that Edward is Tom. Catherine says â€Å" ‘O, my child, my darling!’†(Twain 233). This is how Twain identifies Catherine in the novel, and still using the historical background. The character that is the most historic in The Prince and The Pauper, for not as crucial is King Henry VIII, king of England. Henry changed the countenance of England as though as many times he had been married. Henry’s first marriage to his late brother’s widow Catherine of Aragon was unsuccessful because she was barren and was only able to carry to full term only one healthy child, Mary. Henry believed he was cursed for marrying his brother’s wife he felt that he should find someone younger who could give him a male heir, therefore he fell for the manipulative Anne Boelyn. Anne had no interests in Henry, she wanted the crowne, and Henry to divorce Catherine simply because she refused to become his mistress. In order to be married married to Anne Henry had no choice; incedentially he had to break with the Roman Catholic church. Henry’s marriage was not successful to Anne either because she to gave him another daughter,Elizabeth. Feeling as though god was punishing him, therefore he had Anne Boelyn beheaded and married her lady in waiting Jane Seymour. Jane gave Henry a son, but died shortly after the birth, sooner than he was wedded to Anne of Cleves. The marriage to Anne was not very promising, so Henry had then decided to divorce Anne and marry Catherine Howard. Sooner than six months after their marriage Henry had Catherine beheaded for treason, and proceeded to marrying his final wife Catherine Parr. In The Prince and The Pauper, King Henry’s role is the king, but he is deathly ill. â€Å"King Henry issued an edict that no one should discuss the royal lapse of memory.†(Masterplots 5). Although Henry did not notice that Edward (Tom) was not his son, for he still felt hurt when Edward (Tom) did not recognize his own father. He says â€Å"‘Dost thou know thy father, child? Break not mine old heart; say thou know’st me. Thou dost know me, dost thou not?’† ( Twain 27). Since before he was wor ried about not having a male heir, he has nothing to fear because he knows that his son Edward will make a terrific king of England. He says â€Å"While he was ill, King Henry VIII had given the great seal of the kingdom to Prince Edward for safe keeping.† (Masterplots 2). This is how Twain analyzes King Henry in the novel;still telling about his fears of dying and the future his country. The most conspicuous character throughout the The Prince and The Pauper is Edward Tudor, Prince of Wales (also known as Edward VI). Edward VI (Edward Tudor) was born in the year of fifteen thirty seven. He is the first and only son of King Henry VIII, and Jane Seymour, Henry’s third wife. Edward was born into the family that had been ruling England since fourteen eighty five. Edward became the king of England at the age of ten after the death of his father in fifteen forty- two. Twain takes advantage of these facts to make write this novel. In his novel, Edward is nine years old and his tired of being the next ruler to take the throne when his father dies and just wants to be an average kid. Magill says â€Å"Edward, if in an obviously comfortable position, lives in the palace, dominated by the dying Henry VIII†(Magill 1965). Although he has access to whatever his heart desires, he would like to catch a glimpse at what life is like beyond the palace walls. Those wishes become true after he meets Tom Canty, a beggar boy who has the same resemblance to Edward. While speaking with Tom, Edward realizes that they both want different things. They realize that Tom wants to see what it is like to live in the palace and Edward wants to see what it is like to be normal. Edward says â€Å"Oh, prithee, say no more, ’tis glorious! If that I could but clothe me in raiment like to thine, and strip my feet, and revel in the mud once, just once, with no rebuke me or forbid, misdeemed I could forgo the crown!† (Twain 9). In the novel, as soon as Edward has switched places with Tom Canty, he is ecstatic to be normal. Edward loves to run in the mud, play with the peasant children that are his own age. Masterplots says â€Å"The Prince of Wales was still wondering the streets as a homeless waif when King Henry died.† (Masterplots 3). Twain analyzes that most princes want to live beyond the palace walls, yet still ruling their country. Although Mark Twain is a classic American novelists, and wrote a lot of humorous masterpieces. While using historical facts, Mark Twain was able to get ideas and characters for The Prince and The Pauper. Most classic novels take place during the most historical times in history, and are incorported represented throughout the novel. The novel took place during the fifteen hundreds during the monarch reign of the Tudor family. Magill, Frank N. Masterplots. Ed. Laurence W. Mazzeno. Pasadena:Salem Press Inc., 1976. Magill, Frank N. Magill’s Survey of American Literature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 6. North Bellmore: Salem Press Inc, 1991. â€Å"The Prince and the Pauper.† Masterplots, Revised Second Edition (1996): Literary Reference Center. EBSCO.Web.2 Nov.2009 Twain, Mark. The Prince and The Pauper. London:Puffin Group, 1983. Vogelback, Arthur Lawrence â€Å"The Prince and the Pauper: A Study in Critical Standards.† American Literature 14.1 (1942): 48. Literary Reference Center.EBSCO. Web. 9 Oct.2009. Research Papers on The History Behind a NovelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Fifth HorsemanHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West MeetStandardized TestingMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era