Cause of Tragedy Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet is widely known to be a tragedy, but what caused the atrocity for which it is so renowned? Some may argue fate was to blame for Romeo’s and Juliet’s deaths, that the situations these young lovers faced were depicted as being out of their control. Could Romeo have refused to attend the Capulet masque? Was Romeo destined to duel the raging Tybalt? Did Romeo and Juliet truly have to kill themselves? If one considers the specific circumstances and causes of these situations, the fact that all scenarios are the result of choice rather than chance, and the notion that the characters were never left without options, only one conclusion can be determined. It was unarguably the decisions made by characters, not those made by fate, that were responsible for the tragedy in Romeo and Juliet. To fully comprehend how fate and destiny had no role in the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet, the terms â€Å"fate†, â€Å"destiny†, and â€Å"tragedy must fi rst be understood. Fate can be defined as being â€Å"a power that determines and controls everything that is or happens,† (Newfeldt (Ed.) p.431) while destiny can be described as â€Å"what is predetermined to happen in spite of all efforts to change or prevent it.† (Newfeldt (Ed.) p.321) Therefore, fate is the entity that decides all that will occur, and destiny is the decision made by fate. Tragedy can be defined as the dramatic representation of serious and important actions that turn out disastrously for the main character. This indicates that the tragedies in Romeo and Juliet were the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, and to say fate and destiny were not responsible for these tragedies, is to say the characters of the play, rather than some intangible force, were aware and in control of the actions that caused Romeo’s and Juliet’s deaths. Of all the events that preluded to the joining and eventual deaths of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo’s attendance at the Capulet masque was paramount, with all other events being derived from this choice. This occurrence was not destiny; it was the contemplated decision made by Romeo to do something irresponsible. Upon being presented with the opportunity to go to the party, it can be seen that Romeo foresaw his demise when he said: I fear, too early; for my mind misgives Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars, Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night’s revels, and expire the term Of a despised life closed in my breast By some vile forfeit of untimely death. (Romeo and Juliet 1.4.106-111) However, even with this knowledge that he would die as result of going to the masque, he consciously decided to venture out and disregard his safety. Immediately after recognizing his possible death, he went on to say â€Å"But He that hath the steerage of my course/ Direct my sail?† (Romeo and Juliet 1.4.112-113) Not only did Romeo actively choose to do nothing to alter this grim destiny, he deliberately submitted to follow the path on which he was doomed. Fate, or some other power, presented Romeo with this vision of his death that he could use to prevent disaster, yet he chose to let tragedy befall him. Following the party where Romeo and Juliet first met, beginning their tragic relationship, Romeo continued, and Juliet started, to demonstrate self-destructive acts. Romeo desired to be with his love interest, and so sought her despite the dangers such action entailed. He chose to re-enter the Capulet’s domain, abandoning this friends, in order to find Juliet. Romeo’s decision perpetuated his and Juliet’s relationship, which could have ended at this point, as the two were not likely to see one another without forced action. With Romeo arriving at her balcony, Juliet made a choice that was severely against her best interests, increasing the likeliness of a terrible end. She stated â€Å"I have no joy of this contract tonight./ It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Romeo and Juliet 2.2.117-118) showing she recognized the folly of swearing her love to Romeo. The choice she made with this knowledge, however, lead towards her and Romeo’s destruction; she told Romeo â€Å"If that thy bent of love be honourable,/Thy purpose marriage, send me word to-morrow,†¦/ And all my fortunes at thy foot I’ll lay,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Romeo and Juliet 2.2.143-147), thus making the decision to marry Romeo, and do what so recently seemed irrational to her. This built up the potential for Romeo and Juliet to meet with untimely death, further leading to the fatal tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. The deaths of Romeo and Juliet were brought about by their marriage and their refusal to be without o ne another; when they decided to be wed, blame must be placed upon them for their decisions, but also on Friar Laurence, who married them. While Friar Laurence would not have married the two youths had they not chosen to do so, conversely, if the Friar had not decided to join them in marriage, Romeo and Juliet could not have become husband and wife. Friar Laurence demonstrated that he knew how ill-advised the marriage was when he informed Romeo and Juliet â€Å"These violent delights have violent ends, / And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, / Which as they kiss consume.† (Romeo and Juliet 2.6.9-11), and yet he proceeded to marry the young lovers. With his wisdom in this regard, Laurence should have known not to wed the couple; he should have known it would lead to catastrophe. Therefore, the marriage of Romeo and Juliet was not destined to happen; it was determined by an individual, Friar Laurence. However, it was not only love and marriage that were initiated when Romeo went to the Capulet masque; hatred and murder were incited as well. By attending the party, Romeo provoked Tybalt’s anger and became the target of this furious Capulet’s wrath. Tybalt did not randomly become enraged with Romeo and suddenly engage in a fight with him; he chose to battle Romeo well ahead of the event, even sending Romeo a letter to inform him of his intent to duel. It must also be recognized that, as both the Montague and Capulet families were well known to despise each other, Romeo would have known it very illogical to enter the Capulet celebration. Being a Montague himself, Romeo was surely aware his act would entail some sort of punishment, yet he once again took control of his destiny, misusing information that could potentially be used for his salvation. The choices made by Romeo and Tybalt had obvious detrimental effects that, easily seen by these two, resulted in the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio, the banishment of Romeo, and progressively coerced Romeo towards his possible demise. Following the banishment of Romeo, the final events preceding the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet took place. Juliet, condemned to marrying the County Paris by the will of her father, chose to seek out Friar Laurence. He would devise a plan that would rid the disease of a second marriage from Juliet and reunite her and Romeo. The Friar elected to help the young woman, creating a plan that was far too complicated and dangerous to work effectively. Juliet took upon herself the form of death by drinking a potion; this would surely cause Romeo to fall into despair should he be fooled by his love’s state. Although the Friar intended to inform the banished Montague, he did not attempt to do so until after the plan was put into effect, and did not convey t he gravity of the situation to his messenger, Friar John. When Juliet herself took action on the plan formed by Friar Laurence, she glimpsed an ominous vision of what may happen was she to drink the potion; she foresaw either her true death or insanity’s crescendo upon her mind. It was this final decision to drink the elixir, again made against foresight of hazard, that invariably lead to the scenario where Romeo and Juliet were faced with their possible deaths. Conclusion Finally, it must be recognized that, ultimately, Romeo and Juliet were responsible for each of their own deaths. The young lovers were not murdered by an enemy, they were not victims to an accident, nor did they fall ill with some deadly pestilence; they simply committed suicide. Romeo chose to take his life over living without Juliet, drinking the fatal poison he had purchased. Likewise was the case for Juliet, who, like Romeo, was the sole possessor of blame for her death. In this final situation, she was prey only to herself, with no force or individual controlling and conspiring against her. It was her hand that drove the dagger into her body, tragically ending the love she and Romeo briefly knew. There were no destinies for Romeo and Juliet other than those which they determined for themselves. To take one’s own life is the sole choice of the one committing suicide; it is not the responsibility of fate, as only the individual is in control of his or her own life. Romeo’s and Juliet’s deaths were the final results of a long series of consequential choices and actions. The possibility of tragedy was established with Romeo attending the Capulet’s masque, and with Romeo and Juliet swearing their love in marriage with help of Friar Laurence. The likeliness of their deaths was augmented with Tybalt battling Romeo, Romeo’s banishment, and Juliet’s and Friar Laurence’s plan to reunite the lovers. The tragedy ultimately took form when Romeo and Juliet were faced with the decisions to kill themselves. At no point in the sequence of events were Romeo, Juliet, the Friar, or anyone else left without an alternate choice to their actual deeds. They were always conscious of what was happening around them, and had good ideas as to what may co me about from their actions. There was no intricately designed destiny, leading to a bitter halt, that could not have been prevented; Romeo and Juliet’s road to destruction was paved simply by the poor choices made by themselves, their own fates.

Human Stomach And Impacts Of Human Gut Bacterial...

Siddu Navaneetha Mrs. Schott Chemistry Honors 24 November 2014 Interactions between Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the human stomach and impacts of human gut bacterial transplantation in mice on obesity Obesity is becoming an increasing problem in America, as well as the whole world. As defined by the CDC, an individual is considered obese when they have a BMI of 30.0 or higher. BMI stands for body-mass index, and is used as a standard for measuring the % body fat of an individual.(CDC, 2014) In addition to being overweight, obesity comes with a myriad of other health risks including: high blood pressure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.(NIH, 2012) In 2013, a study focusing on the relationship between concentrations of hydrogen and methane in an individual’s breath and the individual’s body weight happened upon a startling discovery. Conducted by Dr. Ruchi Mathur of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the study examined the breath of 792 people. There were four distinct sets of results. One group had normal concentrations of both gases, one with higher concentrations of hydrogen, one had higher concentrations of methane, and lastly one group had higher concentrations of both gases. All things aside, the individuals with higher concentrations of both gases also had notably greater BMIs than the rest.(Mathur, 2013) Focusing on obesity, this group is the one of greatest interest. This higher concentration of methane is connectedShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Clostridium Difficile Essay2293 Words   |  10 Pagesbecause anyone can get this infection from touching different surfaces, such as sinks. But it is harder for younger people to get this infection, whereas older people are more likely to get it due to weakened immune systems. This disease mainly impacts those, who again, are in a hospital setting, like a nursing home or intensive care unit, and who are taking antibiotics to cure another disease, in which the C. diff bacterium is resistant to. Causal Agent Clostridium difficile is part of theRead MoreThe following questions relates to the patient within the first 24 hours 1. Outline the causes,2500 Words   |  10 PagesThe following questions relates to the patient within the first 24 hours 1. Outline the causes, incidence and risk factors of the identified disease and how it can impact on the patient and family (450 words) This case study is about Abdul Chidiac, a 51 year old male, married with 4 children. He had a medical history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and cirrhosis with two admissions in the last six months. He is a smoker and drinks beer, 5-6 bottles per day. As Carithers McClain (2010)

Obesity in Children and Aduls - 611 Words

What are the consequences of obesity? What drives one to forget about their personal health and those of the loved ones around them? However before we delve into the consequences we must recognize the causes. Fast food is major cause of obesity a serious problem if not dealt with in moderation. Obesity rates have been up and down in years past, 1998- 2010 but lately it has increased drastically, up to 30% of the population. While fast food is not the only cause of this 30% increase it is a significant portion of it. The easy access of food has lead to this, it has many calories and is very cheap and easy to get to, this is perfect for obesity to spread like a wild fire (Childhood obesity pg.1-2) Fast food and lack of exercise go hand in hand to lead to a horrible life, while exercise companies have gone up, only the fit are going to get more so or the out of shape are going close to no obese people are going to these exercise programs. Teens are also in danger, as 15% of teens are obese and at the least 1/3 of adults are also obese. This is also a contributor to the 30% increase in obesity. We as a society must fix this. (Jaime Holgun pg. 1) Obesity affects lots of individuals around the world but what about obesity in pregnant women? This would affect more than just one person; it would affect an unborn child as well. Obese pregnant women have increased stress levels and lower antioxidant levels. A study was conducted to prove the harmful effects of obesity. A total of 30

Cultured Landscape Designing Environment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cultured Landscape for Designing Environment. Answer: Introduction Articulation of concept plan took Millennium Parklands ten years but as a result of articulation, increase in intercontinental interest has been displayed in major urban parklands. The main aim of this review is to provide the recommendation concerning improvement that could be made in alignment with forthcoming administration path of Parklands with the original concept plan. Home bush, Sydney, and waterways were assumed to comprise of mangrove wetlands, water path, surroundings of forest before the European settlers in that area The waterway which is currently the Millennium Parklands were occupied by the quarry, ammunitions industry in the past and biggest part of the site was being used as a dumping site for industrial left-over(Alberti, 2010). Australians decided to protect natural surroundings after the society opinion concerning local land and culture. Dumping of rubbish in Wetlands stopped after the landfills started demanding for licensing and need for remediation ascended after Sydney won the 2000 summer Olympic Games. Sydney proposal to host Olympic Games included an assurance to ecological sustainability in all schemes relating to games like sporting amenities, housing, and landscape designs(Bradshaw, 2012). The plan was needed to address problems affecting ecological strategies through developing practical plans to help them in bringing the strategies into exercise. The guidelines were put into law after winning to host games by Sydney and this made Sydney Olympic Park Environmental Guidelines to be a necessity of Sydney Olympic Park administration. The Millennium Parklands provided an opportunity to express the sentiments and landscape customs in European that helps in the organization of the urban parklands in most of Australia(Brebbia, 2012). The plan was unique in many ways because it involves not only planning but also peoples experiences in the parklands. Lowlands, elevated landforms and walls, and rooms were the three unifying themes the physical plans was grounded on. In the year 2002, there was a new plan updated from the one of 1997 and the new program included educational tours as well as research and development(Bull, 2014). The diagram below shows the Parks main features: Evaluation of the Concept Plan Performance A team of professional from different organization amounting to 15 applied benchmark advisors for preservation and park administration review. This was a brave plan because it is embracing new technologies like stormwater and solar energy hence making technologies extensively suitable and those who participate in the review of the plan drew a conclusion that parklands have achieved victory past what they expected(Burton, 2014). There will be the operative phrase for the numerous programs taking place in the parklands as a result of landscape situation. The concept plan help in promoting interaction between humans and surroundings, promoting environmental learning to school children when carrying out their curriculum activities, healing ill-treated and degraded landscapes by use of creative method(Conference, 2011) Several observations that were made for the first ten years of Millennium Parkland were; failure to implement drainage system as planned, failure to provide parking slots, some of the roads in the park have been turned to be the main road for trucks servicing new housing expansion. After going through findings, the park made various recommendations to curb the problems that were noticed. These were the future expansion to satisfy the need of park user, beautifying the complex through the progressive furnishing of rooms, acquiring financial resources to enhance future growth and promoting the park through website enhancement(Forman, 2016). Ecological restoration is an activity carried out to help environment recover its healthiness and sustainability. It tries to return the environment to its normal condition which is difficult because of current limitations and condition makes it grow along the altered route. Restoration signifies commitment in land and resources for a long period of time and a considerate planning because once the decision is made, organized preparation and supervised approach are needed before carrying out environment repossession. In simple terms, Ecological Restoration is simply helping a damaged environment back to its normal condition(Fu, 2015). There are features which shown when restoration has been done. They include; the repossessed ecosystem seemingly perform its role normally, the environment entails local species, reproducing population can be sustained in the physical surroundings of restored ecology, the repossessed ecosystem can sustain itself at the same level as its reference ecology and lastly, a characteristic of collection species that transpire in referred ecological unit is contained in restored ecosystem(Harvey, 2013). The expansion of concept plan was developed twenty years ago through debating where many architects felt conflicted by the restoration debate. Architects linked with landscape need to recognize that numerous novel ecosystem is growing on a daily basis. The novel ecosystem concept not only applies in our cities but also to many landscapes that agriculture is being carried out. Architects in landscape state it clearly that their main activity is to state clearly an environmentally concerned with the vision for humans(Higgs, 2010). Urbanized sectors contain large population per square mile. Buildings and pavement reduce the size of land available for plants and animals. One of the significant structures of cities is the ongoing fragmentation and physical disturbance associated with construction and maintenance of infrastructure. Secondly, urban environment temperatures are very high as opposed to non-urbanized areas. Thirdly, town soil quality is highly variable compared to that of non- urbanized areas. We should understand. The cultural importance of plants growing in the cities because they decorate the city while others are said that affect womans menstrual cycle such as Queen Anns lace(Hobbs, 2014). Landscape are classified into three main categories grounded in the history of the land, the vegetation the land is able to support, and their maintenance necessities. First and foremost, the natural leftover landscape which consisted of natural plants growing in natural soil without disturbance.Secondly, the managed and efficient landscape consisting of cemeteries, parks, gardens, etc. are conquered by planted plants grown on a fertile soil having high conservation necessity and lastly the landscapes which were abandoned. Research concerning abandoned landscape explains clearly a given percentage of vegetation occupying a given land in the city. Plants growing in town areas carrying out essential environmental functions. It is also known emerging ecosystem. It consists of species that have not occurred in formerly within a given biome. The main reason for the existence of new species includes; human effects, predominating urban, indirect and direct human impacts resulting from major changes in the abiotic environment. Novel ecosystem arise from degradation and invasion of natural system In some cases, main changes in the local environment arise as a result of prevention of growth by new species(Lyle, 2016). In the past, people were not taking care of the land but as a result of growth in agriculture people more so farmers started caring for the land by ensuring that the land maintains its soil fertility and protecting them from air pollution and local water. It is clear that for humans to survive, they have to associate themselves deeply with the global environment. Before the growth in agriculture, the population of human globally was of the same magnitude but the increase in population growth is caused by the increase in the per-capita use of energy for industries and agriculture in developed countries(MacMahon, 2013). Relating Ecological understanding to Environmental Problems in Natural and Urban Ecosystem Natural ecology is easy to recognize because it consists of forest, watershed and a stream and both function of ecology in a natural and urban environment is identical because in natural ecosystem energy from solar is captured by green plants then it flows in the food chain or web to herbivore, carnivores and omnivores. The interaction between ecosystems causes problems, this show when a tree is being cut by the developer it will alter activities going through in the stream. In urban areas, releasing of a variety of waste materials and harmful metals such as lead and carbon dioxide alters the climate and hence interrupts all ecosystem(Marzluff, 2012). There are many cultural idea and morals ideas that affect our view concerning nature and more the land in specific for example Europeans settlers attitude towards land showed that land is a property owned by individual and hence people clashed aggressively with its communal use by Inborn Americans. It is true that other species such as human abuse one another in food chain while other animals such as ants carry other animals then introduce them to their new homes(Neal, 2014). Mining of coal in Australia enables them to earn a lot from the export hence improving the economy of the country. The mine from Australia is exploited in a high rate more than the renewal rate. Mining of resources caused exploitation of renewable resources such as fish, forest, and topsoil. Australia is faced with environmental problems such as desert and water shortage, their soil contains little nutrients and this is caused by leaching of soil making nutrients level to be renewed by three main processes namely volcanic eruption, advancement of glaciers strip and finally, the crust uplift slowly(Niemel, 2012). Low productivity of soils in Australia has brought consequences in other departments such as agriculture, fisheries and foresty hence farmers have to use fertilizer in supplying nutrients to planted vegetation and this raises the cost of participating in farming. In some places despite having low nutrients, they are also affected by high salt available in the soil. Landowners in Australia 40 years ago replied to the condemnation that they were destroying their land for the future generation(Palmer, 2014). Australia export shifted from agricultural produce to mineral since it exports gold, coal, and aluminium and it has the world's leading largest reserves of uranium, lead, silver, zinc, titanium. They export their minerals in large markets such as Britain and other Europeans nations. Since its government is less productive, the country's population has reduced to about 20 million as a result of migration and they were also affected by the World War II which largely underpopulated the country compared to Asians their neighbours with a population of 200 million(Woodward, 2013). There were two farms that are Huls Farm and Gardar Farm which there are located thousands of miles apart. Both of the firms were the largest firms in their districts. they were both located in a beautiful natural setting that attracted tourists and both of firm owners were religious. The huge difference between the two firms was that Huls Farm was possessed by brethren and their spouse while Gardar was owned by bishop living in Greenfield. Population growth made people adopt strengthened agricultural production such as irrigation, terracing and double-cropping. Conversely, starvation, food shortages and death cause decrease in population(Marzluff, 2012). Dissimilar societies have diverse degrees of collapsing. The danger of collapsing is raising fear because it has already materialized nations such as Rwanda, and Third World war countries included but the recent difficulties facing surroundings are; adjustment in climate, building up of poisonous chemicals in the atmosphere. The current ecological problems are strongly debatable and risk linked with them are significantly overstated(Bull, 2014). Phytoremediation is simply used of new equipment in the cleaning of areas polluted with dangerous chemicals. This method also consists of other methods such as constructed wetlands and ground cover plant for decreasing erosion. There are some industrial operations carried out that have negative effects on the environment but in western countries, pollution has been reduced considerably through putting up strict legislation on environment and promoting environmental awareness. This Phytoremediation method applies in both organic and inorganic pollutants(Bradshaw, 2012). Metabolism of xenobiotic in plants also works in three phases namely; transformation phase where xenobiotics are modified chemically using oxidation to make substances more polar, the second phase is conjugation phase where the transformed xenobiotics are made harmless. In the third phase, Compartmentalization phase whereby xenobiotics that were modified are transferred to numerous cell compartments. According to a green liver concept, the metabolism of TCE is as shown below(Fu, 2015). The rhizosphere is triggered by the chemical and physical effects in the root of plants on the soil. Microorganism secures a place in plants root zone hence causing degradation of pollutants by tiny organisms in the soil. Plants deposits a lot of hydrocarbons derived photosynthetically into soil surrounding and hence some amount of carbons are lost by rhizodeposition. Population shifts in microbial specific groups are caused by expression of a catabolic gene to the microorganism in the soil caused when plant root exudates. Some plants specific in nature yield biosurfactants and hence more phytoremediation effective because plants also increase the solubility of PAHS from unsaturated zone. In this article, we also learn that plants growing on contaminated site are exposed to abiotic stress such as chemical stress and secondary impacts such as drought. The technique is operative only that it needs time and has to be personalized with respect to site's need. Despite favourable sites in western countries, developing countries also need to use phytoremediation(Brebbia, 2012). Phytoremediation is simply used the removing of pollutants from the environment by use of green vegetation. It is divided into numerous areas such as the use of contaminants by plants in removing metals from soil, reduction of contaminants bioavailability by use of plants, removing contaminants from air, volatizing pollutants, absorption of pollutants by use of the green plant's roots and lastly degrading organic contaminants. Phytoextraction is the use of contaminants to remove metals from the soil, there are two basic developed approaches of phytoextraction which includes; induced phytoextraction and continuous phytoextractions. Induced phytoextraction is demonstrated using the diagram below: For instance, vegetation growing in in a place occupied by lead-polluted soil is said to contain is said that the shoot dries up with 0.001% to 0.006%(Brebbia, 2012). The diagram below shows continuous phytoextraction The concentration of lead in vegetation is as a result of high heights of EDTA in tissues of plants which move from the roots to shoots where lead metal is likely to be present. Metal chelates are added to the metal ion to enable enhancement of metal ion bioavailability in soil. Metal ions can either be stored or transported to the shoot once the metal ions reach the soil, loading of ions by xylem is facilitated by specific membranes carrying out transportation processes. Through selected varieties of plants and amendments in the soil, there will be an advancement in phytoremediation by adding new important research(Palmer, 2014). Conclusion This research paper talks about the Millennium Parklands, society for ecological restoration, urban ecology, novel ecosystem, human impacts on ecosystem and landscapes, Australia mining, a tale of two farms, phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater, and phytoremediation. 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The Architecture of East Australia: An Architectural History in 432 Individual Presentations. Moscow: Edition Axel Menges. Marzluff, J. (2012). Urban Ecology: An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature. London: Springer Science Business Media. Neal, P. (2014). Urban Villages and the Making of Communities. Toledo: Taylor Francis. Niemel, J. (2012). Urban Ecology: Patterns, Processes, and Applications. Sydney: OUP Oxford. Palmer, M. A. (2014). Foundations of Restoration Ecology. Perth: Island Press. Perera, A. H. (2011). Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape: Patterns and Processes of Forest Landscapes in Ontario. Sidney: UBC Press. Woodward, G. (2013). Ecosystems in a Human-Modified Landscape: A European Perspective. Perth: Academic Press.