Planned Change Essay -- Organizational Development, Change

Planning according to the class notes (Dr. Smith, Module 5) and Stojkovic et al (2008) is a general application of the notion of planned change. Planned change is made up of a number of behaviors intended to alter individuals, groups, and organization structure and practice (Stojkovic et al, 2008). Although there are several elements of a planned change four of them include innovation and accepting problems, overcoming organizational decision making routines, looking to the future, and continues commitment. First planned change mandates improvement and acknowledges troubles as prospects to pursue real development in an agency’s performance. However, Warren (1997) points out that planned change is not an inactive reaction to organizational climate stress or minimal attempt to decrease organizational strains (Stojovic et al, 2008). Nevertheless, this type of effort is what is usually seen throughout criminal justice agencies. For example, correction facilities are well known for changing titles like guards to corrections officers, convicts to inmates and so on (Stojkovic et al, 2008). To avoid this passive type of change there needs to be a more proactive change implemented in the agency. For example, several law enforcement agencies have put into practice a program called Compstat that requires command staff to study patterns of crime, set calculable objectives to decrease crime, and build up plans to decrease crime in the studied areas (Stojkovic et al, 2008). The second element is overcoming organizational decision making routines. These routines for example, include the garbage can solution which states that individuals in an organization have â€Å"favorite solutions† already preconceived that are waiting for problems to... ...ats for the officers. Thus, if the officer feels he/she will be blamed for any mistakes they will tend to shift most of the responsibility to their superior making them adhere to old policy and practices (Stojkovic et al, 2008). Moreover, if there is not a good line of communication and decision making is centralized, members will be less reluctant to participate in the change process. This will not be healthy for the organization because there will not be a healthy feedback from the members regarding the efficiency of the new program. This could eventually be the demise of the new program. As one can see it is hard to create an organizational climate that is productive and open to change, and more so if there is conflict within the organization. For this reason each step should be thought about and planned for in dealing with the organizations climate.

Capital Punishment Essay - Justice in Retribution -- Argumentative Per

Capital Punishment: Justice in Retribution       The American government operates in the fashion of an indirect democracy. Citizens live under a social contract whereby individuals agree to forfeit certain rights for the good of the whole. Punishments for crimes against the state are carried out via due process, guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. The use of capital punishment is decided by the state, which is legal in thirty-seven states. It is a moral imperative to protect the states' rights to decide their own position on the use of capital punishment.    Capital punishment is a method of retributive punishment as old as civilization itself. Both the Greeks and the Romans invoked the death penalty for a wide variety of offenses. Socrates and Jesus were perhaps the most famous people ever condemned for a capital crime in the ancient period. Hammurabi's Code, a code of laws developed by the king of one of the first empires, dates back from the third or second millennium before Christ. This code claims that retribution, an eye for an eye and a life for a life, is justice. In Anglo-American law the death penalty has been a customary response to certain kinds of offenses. The movement in America to have the death penalty declared unconstitutional received paramount attention during the landmark case of 'Furman v. Georgia,' rendered on June 29, 1972, which declared the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment. No executions took place between 1967 and 1977 (Bedau, 1992). However, after a supreme court decision in 1975 'Gregg v. Georgia', which stated capital punishment did not violate the Eighth Amendment, executions commenced again under state supervision. Should capital punishment be continued? Retribution is a ju... ...nal awaits the sentence to be carried out. This lesson may be said not to benefit society since it is too late for the criminal. It is also too late for the victim who was murdered in cold blood. To look at this as "bloodthirsty revenge" would be saying that capital punishment is itself the injustice. Is it not an injustice to let a cold-blooded killer escape the consequences of a crime? A society that tolerates injustice can by no means be called just.    Works Cited Bedau, Hugo Adam. In Spite of Innocence. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992. Block, Eugene B.. When Men Play God: The Fallacy of Capital Punishment. San Francisco: Cragmont Publications, 1983. Locke, John. Second Treatise of Civil Government. Ch 2, Sec 6. Meltser, Michael. Cruel and Unusual: The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment. New York: Random House, 1973.   

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost? Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost?

Network Marketing

The simplest explanation of network marketing is that it is a method of marketing that depends on independent representatives to reach potential customers that a company otherwise would not reach with traditional online or offline marketing methods. In order to accomplish this, network marketing companies and their associates recruit individuals I. E. â€Å"their sales force,† How often have you seen ads on television that use the term, â€Å"Independent Insurance Agent or Associate? † Yet, as we watch these advertisements we naturally assume they are employees of the company, when in reality they are independent business owners! No doubt you have noticed as you have driven through your neighborhood many of these small businesses, they have signs and other advertisements designed to draw your attention to them. Yet, you will rarely see advertising from the approximately 13 million people who are either involved with direct selling, or in the network marketing industry according to figures by the Direct Selling Association (DSA). There is distinct difference between us and them, in most cases they are assigned an exclusive territory and therefore cannot market outside of their assigned territory. Where as in network marketing in most cases, you can market just about anywhere your company is established! Why are companies willing to pay you to market for them†¦ †¦Why don’t they just utilize the internet or other traditional marketing methods? It’s quite simple, they want access to your network, that is your network of friends and family members! Today there are hundreds of companies offering products and services. Many of these products and services you recognize by their brand name! The products and services you can market today cover everything from Communication Services, Internet Access, Nutritional Products, Weight Loss Programs, Water Filtration Systems, Financial Programs, Electrical Power, Solar Power, just to name a few. So why do they need us? Traditional marketing methods have companies spending millions of dollars each year to market their products and services. They know that word-of-mouth marketing is a far more powerful and effective method of marketing, especially, when that message comes from those whom we know and trust! And these companies are more than willing to pay you, to communicate this message to your network of friends and family. It is extremely important to understand that this method of marketing is not about bugging your friends and family members, as many would love for you to believe. It is about your ability and skill to determine from those individuals within your circle of influence who would be interested in the products or services that your company has to offer†¦ †¦ That information alone is one of the critical elements that separates those who fail, from those who go on to become very successful! And occasionally you might uncover a few individuals, who also want to start a business! If you want to call your own shots in life, if you’re willing to get the education you will need to run a small business, if you enjoy working with people, then network marketing just might be right kind of business for you. If on the other hand, you’re only in it for the money or you just don’t like dealing with people well then†¦ †¦ You’ll most likely end up failing! network marketing business will give you a deeper appreciation of what your employer has to deal with on a daily basis. You will also become a far better communicator, someone who really listens and address the wants and needs of others! With the economy the way it is today, working from home makes more sense then acquiring a second job in order to make ends meet. And thats if you can find one! HOW DOES IT WORK ? Today there are millions of people around the world building using network marketing. The DSA reports that there are over 13 million people in the U. S involved in direct selling. You do not see them but they are everywhere, some probably right in your own neighborhood. It is a business in which common people can invest a small sum of money and rise to staggering levels of financial reward and personal freedom. In Network Marketing we help and assist others in building their business. We are also leveraging their time, with each of us is gathering customers along the way. Hence the name Network. We get paid for this because we are assisting, coaching and helping them to establish their business. Helping them to reach their goals for their financial future. So Its only right that we also get paid for our time? Lets take a look at a typical employer in a service industry with 100 or more employees. That has a labor rate of 60 dollars per hour. The goal of our employer is to keep each employee active and busy for each hour paid. Out of this once all the costs of doing business are factored in such as wages paid, health insurance, unemployment insurance, federal taxes, state taxes, fica taxes, permits, maintenance, housekeeping, the list just goes on and on. The employer may get to keep 5 to 10 dollars per hour of that labor rate. In Network Marketing, we have our initial start up costs anywhere from just a few dollars to several hundred dollars. Where most network marketers fail is they feel that they don’t need a marketing budget for advertising, they don’t seek out the education required to succeed. One of the important things to remember is, you are in a real business, you no longer have a boss holding you accountable. Your network marketing success or failure is dependent upon you and your actions. Your primary task will be to gathering customers for your products or services. To help and assist others get started in their own business partnered with you. You are looking at a business model that will take 3 to 5 years to produce the kind of results you’re looking for. So don’t give up your day job just yet. It will require 5 to 20 hours of consistent time and effort each week to build a successful Network Marketing Business. It will require a marketing budget, most people do not even consider this. This is a real business, this is your business, not a get rich quick overnight program, although it has been hyped by a great many naive marketers and web sites. Network marketing is based on word of mouth advertising which is the most effective form of advertising. Think about it when you go out, watch a great movie, you will go out and tell people about it. When Sam’s club or Costco moved to your area, you joined their buying club and started telling everyone how much you saved. This is the power of word of mouth advertising. Major advertising agencies and companies count on this. This is one of the things that we do as network marketers. The major difference is that we get paid for our word of mouth advertising. One of the most often asked questions is, will I have to sell products and services? The answer is of course yes. Think about it, no one likes to have a salesman or woman come to the door and sell them products right. We hate to go to the automobile dealers, where we are swarmed with 5 different sales people all trying to get you to buy from them right! So how are we as a network marketer different? We recommend products or services that we like and personally use. If we know it’s good and personally use it, recommending it to our friends and family is very easy.

Pleasures of Reading Essay

Some people get pleasure from picnics and tours. Others like to discuss various topics and find pleasure in it. But the reading of books provides us with such pleasure as we do not get from any other activity. Great is the blessing of books. Books are written by learned persons. They contain the best experiences and thoughts of their writers. Literature is said to mirror society. Writers put in their books not only their own ideas and feelings, but also what they observe and find in society. The books of the past reflect the condition of the times in which they were written. By reading books written by great thinkers, we come in contact with their minds. Books enable us to know the best of different countries. So, if we want to keep abreast of the great minds of all ages, we must read books. When we are alone, books are our best friends. They entertain us in our spare moments. Good novels, books on poetry and short stories, give great enjoyment. At times we become so absorbed in our books that we forget even our important engagements. Loneliness is no trouble for a reader. If we are in a cheerful mood, our joy is increased by reading. When we are in a depressed and dejected mood, books console and soothe our troubled minds. They provide us with the best advice and guidance in our difficulties. Indeed, books are out best friends as they help us in our need. Books contain grains of wisdom. They give us sound moral advice. That is why all great men of our country have liked to read the Gita and the Ramayan. The example of Rama and Sita is cited, whenever we want to emphasize noble deeds and their results. We call a bad man by the name of Ravan. It is through the reading of books that we learn to love virtue and hate sin. The reading of good books develops and elevates our character. Now-a-days the world is changing fast. A man cannot remain in roach with the changes in his own country, or in the world, without reading the latest literature. One who wants to be respected in cultured society must keep himself well-informed. Good magazines, newspapers and other books provide us with valuable upto-date information. It gives us great pleasure to feel that our knowledge is upto-date. We get great satisfaction when we feel ourselves to be well-informed and capable of moving in any educated society. Reading of good books is the key to the store-house of pleasure. It was the English author Bacon who said that reading makes a full man. No one can question the truth of this saying. But we cannot derive full advantage from reading, if our choice is not good. Some books are such that instead of doing any good, they do positive harm to the readers. Such books must be avoided. Cheap books, not in cost but in contents, should not be read, even if they provide some amusement and entertainment. It is the reading of good books alone which bestows upon us the maximum benefit. The advantages of reading – the pleasures of reading novels; they carry us into a different world and enlarge our experience; suspense and our tendency to identify ourselves with the hero – other kinds of books are also delightful. The advantages of reading are well known. Reading enables us to pass examinations and get jobs, and enhances our general ability and competence in any field of life. But the pleasures of reading are as important as its uses. In fact, books cannot be really useful unless they are first enjoyed. There can be few more delightful ways of spending a holiday than reading a good novel. One source of pleasure afforded by novels is that they make us escape for a time from the drab, humdrum circumstances of our lives. Romantic novels, of course, transport us into an exciting world poles apart from our own. But even realistic novels bring us into contact with experiences different from our own. Our personal experience in real life is limited and much of it is commonplace. Reading fiction is delightful, partly because it indirectly provides us with several experiences for which we have no opportunities in actual life. Another source of the pleasure of reading novels is suspense. A novel with a good plot makes us eager to know, from beginning to end, what is to happen next. It is because of this quality of suspense in some novels that we are unwilling to lay them aside till we have read them to the end. Again, as everybody knows, another reason why reading novels is pleasant is that we tend to identify ourselves with the hero or the central character, and experience his joys and sorrows for the time being. This mainly accounts for our pleasure in reading biographies. While fiction is usually considered to be a delightful form of reading, other kinds of writing too impart pleasure. Apart from plays which resemble fiction, books of travel and light essays are enjoyable. Poetry appeals to our feelings and sense of beauty. Reading even serious or heavy books – books on science or philosophy – is not without its joy for those who are interested in the subjects concerned. All knowledge is pleasure, and reading a book on the dullest or the most unpleasant subjects can be pleasurable, provided one is intensely interested in it.

Character Development of Female Protagonists Essay

In both stories they featured a female protagonist undergoing major character developments and mentality change from first sentence to last. They experienced complex, life-altering events and made crucial decisions resolving said events. I believe, although both stories showed the characters undertaking change, they didn’t portray the outcome as positive change. The conflict of Lamb to the Slaughter is when Mary’s husband revealed he wanted a divorce. â€Å"Her first instinct was to reject it all, not believe anything.†(Dahl, 153) She had a drastic mentality change: she murdered him and created an alibi of coming home finding her husband dead. This was due to her feeling betrayed by her husband leaving her when she was pregnant. The conflict of The Necklace is when Mathilde gets invited to a high-class party however she had no dress to wear. â€Å"No†¦there’s nothing more humiliating than looking poor in the middle of a lot of rich women.† (Maupassant )This drove her to borrow a valuable necklace but ends up losing it and having to pay for a replacement. Mathilde and her husband fell into debt and became more penniless than before simply because she desired her fantasy of opulence. It’s evident in both stories, the development in the main protagonist. Mary started as a loving, faithful housewife and became a deceitful, strong killer. Mathilde started as a well-off but unsatisfied woman and became impoverished but content. It’s shown at the end that the women aren’t in greater situations than before the conflicts occurred. Works Cited Bibliography: (Dahl, R. Lamb to the Slaughter, New York: Harper’s Magazine, 1953) (Maupassant, G. The Necklace, Paris: Le Gaulois, 1887)

Origins of western culture Essay

My friend and I organized for a visit to the park; we had to analyze several parks so as we could come up with the best park that was rich enough to enable us get enough literature for this class. After much research, we found Aztec ruins national park would play the role. Aztec ruins national park is a center of ancestral pueblo society that has housed more than five hundred rooms. It is made of original timber that holds the roof of Entire Park. In the park walls, finger prints of ancient workers are found in the stucco walls. As you talk in the park, you hear the echoes of the ritual drums in the reconstructed great kiva. According to (nps. gov, 2008) web site, Aztec national park is situated in animals’ river valley of northwest New Mexico. It is bounded by the Aztec national monument on the west, community of different cultures, residential buildings, roads, kivas and ancestral culture of modern puebloan people of the south east. The community around the park takes advantage of the year-round water from the Animas by constructing irrigation ditches that direct water to their farms of corn, beans, and squash. Settlers have also constructed irrigation terraces, some tracing the paths of the prehistoric ditches to irrigate fruit trees and pasture lands. The Farmers Ditch, a major irrigation ditch built in late 19th century, runs east-west through the more than 300-acre park and transports precious water to historic fruit orchards within the park and to users outside the park boundaries. According to (James H. 1992 National Monuments p77) Rise in the interest in developing people through out the organization could be attributed to a number of factors. In Aztec reins national park, employees are taking broader ranges of responsibility, managers, in particular are faced with a completely new environment. For they have to deal with people of different cultures and calibers. They have to make fundamental changes and come up with more planned productive strategies for effective operations of the park. Advertisement is another most important component that characterizes the operation Aztec ruins national park in the market since it raises the awareness of the customers about the park and its services in the market. Therefore a well planned advertisement is an important component that helps the park to penetrate the market Aztecs ruins national park’s market has a wide scope which comprises of many factors. These factors are essential for the maintenances of park competitiveness of the services being delivered by the park in the market, the Aztec ruins national park’s marketing team has the privileges of collecting relevant data from its market target which quite fundamental is its goods and service improvements that enable the maintenances of high competitiveness nationally. Human resource management has become one of the most important aspects in Aztecs ruins national park. It has been realized that having a competent and a motivated workforce can help the park create a competitive advantage which other parks may find hard to replicate in the market. Therefore there is need for the park to take bold step in order to address issue of hiring and retaining a competent work force. It will begin by motivating the current workers and to give them more freedom to make their own decision as pertains to the operation of the park. But them most important thing is for the Aztec ruins national park is to come up with a human resource plan that will be integrated in the overall growth strategy. A strategic human resource plan will define issue on hiring, retaining, training and development of the workforce in order to maintain a competitive workforce. (George C. 1962 Aztecs of Mexico P36) states that motivation is the force or impetus behind behavior and actions. This energizes behavior and directs behavior towards a goal. In Aztec ruins national park managers are always expected to create a desire of working to employees by creating conducive environment and a favoring atmosphere for working. Aztec ruins national park has been advocating the use of reinforcement by rewarding. An attractive object or event is supplied as a consequence of a particular work done perfectly. According to behavior approach to motivation, managers have an understanding of employees’ motivation which begins with careful analysis of incentive and rewards that are present in the park. These incentives are like privileges and money. It’s always managers’ responsibility in Aztec ruins national park to identify behaviors that need to be reinforced like outstanding performance, punctuality, neatness and completion of work (Stearns, 2003). Aztec ruins national has helped the surrounding community much, conservation of the Park can bring more profits to both community and the state. It’s quite apparent that the catchments areas found in the park, if taken care of, can be of great help in agriculture thus availing food and employment to the community. This being a tourist destination, it helps the community interact with people of different culture and there finding market for their farm products